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Far East Semitic: Difference between revisions
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Inspiration: Old Chinese, [[Heleasic]], Akkadian, Amharic | Inspiration: Old Chinese, [[Heleasic]], Akkadian, Amharic | ||
In [[Verse:Irta|Irta]], Far East Semitic is one of the major branches of | In [[Verse:Irta|Irta]], Far East Semitic is one of the major branches of Semitic. | ||
Loans from Old Chinese and Sino-IE in addition to the usual SEA families (except Austronesian) | Loans from Old Chinese and Sino-IE in addition to the usual SEA families (except Austronesian) | ||
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Verner's law in random words? plax "to open" <- *pdax <- *phthax | Verner's law in random words? plax "to open" <- *pdax <- *phthax | ||
lhor "king", | lhor "king", mələkh "prince"? | ||
(ğurayb >) ''qraib'' "crow, raven" | (ğurayb >) ''qraib'' "crow, raven" | ||
hlān 'language' | hlān 'language' | ||
nəphəs "soul" | |||
nəphle "to fall" | nəphle "to fall" | ||
bəihl "egg" | bəihl "egg" | ||
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Lots of dvandvas | Lots of dvandvas | ||
bayth X = expert in X | |||
šmay 2ərətlh: world | |||
Gmad = to resist | |||
Gmad = | |||
Gəmed = to support (same sense as Arabic 3amada) | Gəmed = to support (same sense as Arabic 3amada) | ||
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yiθ = there is, liθ = there is not (yiθ becomes 'have' in later languages: *nā yiθ phkar 'I have cows') | yiθ = there is, liθ = there is not (yiθ becomes 'have' in later languages: *nā yiθ phkar 'I have cows') | ||
Gabəd 'slave' | Gabəd 'slave' | ||
laqhəm 'fish' (< 'food') | laqhəm 'fish' (< 'food') | ||
t=ār 'bird' | t=ār 'bird' | ||
ts⁼pʰur 'bird | ts⁼pʰur 'bird' | ||
==Family tree== | ==Family tree== | ||
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Vowels: i ɨ u e ə o a ā | Vowels: i ɨ u e ə o a ā | ||
''p'' | ''p'' and ''ŋ'' show up by assimilation or in loanwords from Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan languages. | ||
ɣašt, θian, l̥āθ, ɚbaɣ, qhamš, šɨš, šbaɣ, šmān, dɨšq, | ɣašt, θian, l̥āθ, ɚbaɣ, qhamš, šɨš, šbaɣ, šmān, dɨšq, l̥ər | ||
11: | 11: l̥ər had, 12: l̥ər θian, etc. | ||
θina, l̥əθa, ɚbɣa, qhəmša, šɨša, šbəɣa, šməna, dɨšqa, mə'a | θina, l̥əθa, ɚbɣa, qhəmša, šɨša, šbəɣa, šməna, dɨšqa, mə'a | ||
ələp | |||
100,000: | 100,000: ləkəš | ||
100,00,000: kot | 100,00,000: kot | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Most Far East Semitic languages are written with an abugida inspired aesthetically by Ahom. The consonant letters are based on the Proto-Sinaitic abjad. | Most Far East Semitic languages are written with an abugida inspired aesthetically by Ahom. The consonant letters are based on the Proto-Sinaitic abjad. | ||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
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As in English, Far East Semitic verbs are analytic with some vestigial ablaut; participial (with ''m-'') and verbnoun (with ''t-'' and other grammaticalized noun derivations) forms are common, as in modern Aramaic dialects. It's relatively unpredictable which Semitic verb root was assigned to which pattern (but it should correlate with the semantics of the noun patterns before they turned into verbs, e.g. agency) | As in English, Far East Semitic verbs are analytic with some vestigial ablaut; participial (with ''m-'') and verbnoun (with ''t-'' and other grammaticalized noun derivations) forms are common, as in modern Aramaic dialects. It's relatively unpredictable which Semitic verb root was assigned to which pattern (but it should correlate with the semantics of the noun patterns before they turned into verbs, e.g. agency) | ||
==== Derivation ==== | ==== Derivation ==== | ||
Morphology that corresponds to binyanim in other Semitic languages are more concatenative and are used as triggers: | |||
*G-stem: xtab, xtob, xtib (agent trigger) | *G-stem: xtab, xtob, xtib (agent trigger) | ||
** D-stem: kʰətʰVb as opposed to xtVb should become an iterative? | ** D-stem: kʰətʰVb as opposed to xtVb should become an iterative? | ||
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the pa'al / pi'el distinction surfaces as initial clusters vs minor syllables | the pa'al / pi'el distinction surfaces as initial clusters vs minor syllables | ||
mə- prefix for derived nouns | mə- prefix for derived nouns | ||
Some former VN patterns (also noun patterns) | Some former VN patterns (also noun patterns) | ||
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* 2pl ''kʰmu wɨl~kʰmu kʰol~kʰmɨl'' | * 2pl ''kʰmu wɨl~kʰmu kʰol~kʰmɨl'' | ||
Largely replaced with rank pronouns in descendants in non-intimate speech except in the hyperconservative FES language, where directional adverbs are sometimes used instead of pronouns | Largely replaced with kinship terms and rank pronouns in descendants in non-intimate speech except in the hyperconservative FES language, where directional adverbs are sometimes used instead of pronouns | ||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
Proto-Far East Semitic syntax is close to Tagalog. It's a VSO language. Modern Far East Semitic languages | Proto-Far East Semitic syntax is close to Tagalog. It's a VSO language. Modern Far East Semitic languages have a much more similar syntax to Thai, Vietnamese, Modern Hebrew or Arabic. | ||
[[Category:Semitic languages]] | [[Category:Semitic languages]] | ||
[[Category:Stem-Akkadian languages]] | [[Category:Stem-Akkadian languages]] | ||