Galatian: Difference between revisions

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In addition to these vowel qualities, Galatian has a length distinction and a historical aspiration distinction (now only retained epenthetically or in conservative dialects, but still consistently written in the orthography). In the Greek orthography this is marked using the rough or smooth breathing diacritic on a vowel. In the Arabic, it is marked using the letter ھ, while in Georgian it is marked using the letter ჰ. (Note: Handwritten Arabic Galatian uses the kasrah, not the kasratan, for short i. The kasratan is used electronically because of how Unicode handles Arabic diacritics.)
In addition to these vowel qualities, Galatian has a length distinction and a historical aspiration distinction (now only retained epenthetically or in conservative dialects, but still consistently written in the orthography). In the Greek orthography this is marked using the rough or smooth breathing diacritic on a vowel. In the Arabic, it is marked using the letter ھ, while in Georgian it is marked using the letter ჰ.


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|i, ɪ
|i, ɪ
|ٍ
|ِ
|ი
|ი
|-
|-
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|ε, αι
|ε, αι
|ე
|ე, აი
|-
|-
|eː
|eː
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|ɛː
|ɛː
|έ, αί
|έ, αί
|
|ې
|
|ე̌, აი̌
|-
|-
|o, ɔ
|o, ɔ
|ο
|ο
|ო
|-
|-
|oː
|oː
|ო̌
|-
|-
|a
|a
|ა
|-
|-
|aː
|aː
|ჺ
|}
|}



Revision as of 17:56, 7 November 2016

Galatian
Τολιστεκά, ‏تٜلٍصتٕكا‎, თოლისთექა̭
Created byFrederic Bayer (talk)
SettingAlternate history
Native toGalatia, Turkey, Greece, Georgia, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt
Native speakers3,400,000 (2016)
Official status
Official language in
Galatia
Recognised minority
language in
Greece, Georgia, Syria

The Galatian language is a Celtic language spoken mainly in the Galatian Republic, with significant minority communities in Turkey, Greece, Georgia, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Nasal mutation

Unmutated Mutated
π β
τ δ
κ γ
β μ
δ ν
γ γ̌
ζ

Vowels

  Front Near- front Central Near- back Back
Close
Blank vowel trapezoid.svg
i y
u
ɪ ʏ
e
o
ə
ɛ
ɔ
a
  Near-close
Close-mid
Mid
Open-mid
Near-open
Open

In addition to these vowel qualities, Galatian has a length distinction and a historical aspiration distinction (now only retained epenthetically or in conservative dialects, but still consistently written in the orthography). In the Greek orthography this is marked using the rough or smooth breathing diacritic on a vowel. In the Arabic, it is marked using the letter ھ, while in Georgian it is marked using the letter ჰ.

Phoneme Greek Arabic Georgian
i, ɪ ι ِ
ί ي ი̌
y, ʏ υ ٚ
ύ ۈ ჲ̌
u ου ُ
ού و უ̌
e, ɛ ε, αι ٕ ე, აი
η ہ
ɛː έ, αί ې ე̌, აი̌
o, ɔ ο ٜ
ω ۉ ო̌
a α َ
ά ا

Vowel harmony

Valmoric has limited vowel harmony for bound morphemes: Morphemes subject to harmony which contain an ι, ε, or η will change this to an υ, ο, or ω respectively if the adjacent syllable contains an υ, ου, ο, or ω. Such harmonised vowels are marked with the circumflex: υ̂, ô, ω̂.

Morphophonology

Declension

First declension

Masculine

Case Singular Plural
Nominative (νο) -ο (νοι) -οι
Accusative (ὁ) -ω (νους) -ους
Dative (ἱ) -ει (ὁς) -ους
Genitive (νι) -ι (οὑ) -ο
Ablative (οὑ) -ου (ἱ) -ι
Vocative (νε) (νους) -ους

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

The Lord's Prayer

The Galatian version lacks the reference to forgiving sin, based on an omission in an apocryphal Q source translation into Galatian. Most Galatian Christians pray the prayer in Greek.

Galatian IPA Proto-Celtic cognate English
Αιρ Ἁθίr ὁ ἐστ ἐν ἱ νεμει,
Ἐς ἵσνειμάς ἀμμα θῳ,
Ἀγγετ φαλο θῳ, ζο βριθι θῳ,
Ἐν ἱ νεμει οὑρ ἐν ἱ ἵφριο.
Δά αἰρά βαραγενά τονις ὁδίο,
Και νεπ φεδε νις εν ἵσουδου,
Ἐθιπε βαριά νι γαλαρου.
Αμήν.
er aˈθiːr o ɛst ɛn iː ˈnɛ.mɛɪ,
ɛs ˌiː.snɛɪˈmaːs amːa θɔːj
ˈaŋ.gɛt ˈfa.lo θɔːj, co ˈvrɪ.θi θɔːj
ɛn i ˈnɛ.mɛɪ uːr en i ˈhiː.fri.jo
ðaː eˈraː va.ra.ɣɛˈnaː ˈtɔ.nɪs ɔjo
kɛ nɛp fɛðɛ nɪs ɛn ˈiː.suˌðuː
ˈɛ.θi.pɛ var.jaː ni ɣa.la.ruː
aˈmiːn
Ansere ɸatīr so esti eni sindei nemei,
Es ɸīssu-neymātyo anman tewe,
Anket walo tewe, kiyetyo briti tewe,
Eni sindei nemei uɸor eni sindei ɸīweryon.
Dā anserām baragenām tosnis so-dīyo
Qe neqe wede snis eni ɸīssu-edwon
Etiqe ɢariyā snis galarū.
 
Our Father, which is in heaven,
Hallowed be thy name,
Thy rule come, thy will be done,
In the heaven and in the Earth
Give our bread to us today
And do not lead us into trial
But guide us from evil.
Amen.

Other resources