Glommish: Difference between revisions

[[{{PAGENAME}}/{{SUBPAGENAME}}|Þize síde in glómsьkenь (This page in {{PAGENAME}})]]<br/>

[[{{PAGENAME}}/Musical system|Þe músikegeskapь (Musical system)]]

|nativename = þe glómsьk

'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (natively ''þe glómsьke rarde'' [θˠə ɣɫˠoːmʲsʲkə ɾˠaːɖə]) is a Germanic language which was historically spoken in parts of Southern Italy and Tunisia but is now mostly spoken by diaspora populations in North America and Brazil. It's classified as West Germanic in-universe, but forms a distinct group from what is called West Germanic in our timeline. Glommish is phonologically the most conservative Germanic language in Lõis and is strikingly similar to reconstructed Proto-Germanic. Its speakers are called Gloms (''Glóme''). {{PAGENAME}} is intended to have a pseudo-Irish and pseudo-Slavic aesthetic.

There was a traditional Roman orthography which was historically used in Italy; spelling was very unsystematic and there were sometimes many different glyphs for the same sound (for instance, at least five different glyphs are attested for ''þ''), and vice versa (e.g. final -i mostly denoted both palatalization and -''ie'', but -''ie'' was sometimes written -ii for disambiguation). In North Africa, the most common writing system for Glommish was the Arabic abjad. Today, the latter is used for ceremonial purposes.

| '''þ''' {{IPA|t̪ʰ}} ||  

| '''þь''' {{IPA|tʰʲ}}

*Soft /rʲ/ may be [r̝] like Czech ''ř''. The Czech-ř pronunciation predominates in Connecticut and is often known as ''þe konetekatske żírь'' 'the Connecticut buzz'.

*For younger speakers of Glommish in New York, the distinction between non-palatalized and palatalized is neutralized in labials and alveolars, except for labials before back vowels where palatalized labials become /Cj/: ''biar ik'' [bjaɹ ɪk~bjɛɹ ɪk] 'I carry' vs. ''bierier þú'' [bɛɹəɹ ðʊ] 'you carry'. Furthermore, palatalized t d n are pronounced as in Polish ć dź ń, /ʃ ʒ/ are pronoounced as /ʂ ʐ/, and non-palatalized v is pronounced /w/. Posttonic intervocalic ''d'' and ''t'' are also flapped.

*For the masculine genitive singular, ''-es'' is used if the final consonant is ''t, d, s, z, þ'' or their soft counterparts. Otherwise ''-s'' is used.

{{PAGENAME}} uses the indefinite article ''a'' and the definite article ''þe''. Due to historical Italian and Arabic influence, Glommish uses the definite article the same way Arabic does: nonspecific nouns take the definite article, unlike in English.

* ''Mir davienь þá amblen'' 'I like almonds (in general)'

* ''Ik ví þá amblen'' 'I want the almonds (specific definite)'

| ''þe'' || ''þá'' || ''þá''  

| ''þem'' || ''þier''; ''þím'' (inanimate, Connecticut dialectal) || ''þím''  

| ''þes'' || ''þier'' || ''þier''  

|+ ''þiz'' 'this'

| ''þiz'' || ''þize'' || ''þize''  

| ''þizem'' || ''þizer''; ''þizem'' (inanimate, Connecticut dialectal) || ''þizem''  

| ''þizes'' || ''þizer'' || ''þizer''  

*the possessive determiners ''mín; þín; is; jar; unsier, unsь-; úrer, úr-; jar; sín''

| ''þe vulf'' || ''þá vulf'''e'''''  

| ''þem vulf'''ie''''' || ''þím vulf'''em'''''  

| ''þes vulf'''s''''' || ''þier vulf'''en'''''  

| ''þe bazь'' || ''þá bazie''  

| ''þem bazie'' || ''þím baziem''  

| ''þes bazies'' || ''þier bazien''  

| ''þe sun'' || ''þá sunie''  

| ''þem sunie'' || ''þím suniem''  

| ''þes suns'' || ''þier sunien''  

| ''þe nam'''e''''' || ''þá nam'''en'''''  

| ''þem nam'''enь''''' || ''þím nam'''em'''''  

| ''þes nam'''enь''''' || ''þier nam'''en'''''  

| ''þá naze'' || ''þá naz'''en'''''  

| ''þier naze'' || ''þím naz'''em'''''  

| ''þier naz'''er''''' || ''þier naz'''en'''''  

| ''þá miark'' || ''þá miarken''  

| ''þier miark'' || ''þím miarkem''  

| ''þier miarker'' || ''þier miarken''  

| ''þá óre'' || ''þá óren''  

| ''þier óre'' || ''þím órem''  

| ''þier órer'' || ''þier óren''  

Note: not to be confused with the masculine n-stem noun ''þe óre'' 'ear'.

| ''þá starcze'' || ''þá starczen''  

| ''þier starcze'' || ''þím starczem''  

| ''þier starczer'' || ''þier starczen''  

| ''þá útriakneng'' || ''þá útriaknengen''  

| ''þier útriakneng'' || ''þím útriaknengem''  

| ''þier útriaknenger'' || ''þier útriaknengen''  

| ''þá hond'' || ''þá hondien''  

| ''þier hond'' || ''þím hondiem''  

| ''þier hondier'' || ''þier hondien''  

| ''þe mánsьk'' || ''þá liúdie''  

| ''þem mánsьkenь'' || ''þím liúdiem''  

| ''þes mánsьkenь'' || ''þier liúdien''  

| ''þe mán'' || ''þá mánier''  

| ''þem mánie'' || ''þím mánem''  

| ''þes máns'' || ''þier mánen''  

| ''þe fadier'' || ''þá fadrie''  

| ''þem fadrie'' || ''þím fadriem''  

| ''þes fadiers'' || ''þier fadrien''  

Also: ''bráþier'' 'brother'.

| ''þá mádier'' || ''þá mádrien''  

| ''þier mádier'' || ''þím mádriem''  

| ''þier mádrier'' || ''þier mádrien''  

| ''þe hóch'''e''' mán''<br/>''þá hóch'''e''' piane'' || ''þá hóch'''en''' mánier''<br/>''þá hóch'''en''' pianen''

| ''þem hóch'''enь''' mánie''<br/>''þier hóch'''enь''' piane'' || ''þím hóch'''em''' mánem'' <br/>''þím hóch'''em''' pianem''

| ''þes hóch'''enь''' máns''<br/>''þier hóch'''enь''' pianer'' || ''þier hóch'''en''' mánen''<br/>''þier hóch'''en''' pianen''  

Predicate forms for superlatives are rare: usually ''þe/þá X-ste'' is used predicatively. Example: ''Mín tat isь þe baste'' = 'My dad is the best'. When used adverbially, superlatives use ''-ьst''.

''svinþ'' = 'very'

''þe/þá X-ьste av'' = 'the most X of'

''þe/þá ál-X-ьste'' or ''þe/þá X-ьste av álem'' = 'the most X of all'

The neuter pronoun ''et'' survives as a dummy pronoun: ''þídech riagnedie et'' 'Today it rained'.

| ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er'' || ''sí'' || ''bit'' || ''it'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí'' || ''-'' || ''sum'' || ''for''

| ''mik'' || ''þik'' || ''jan'' || ''í'' || ''ump'' || ''imp'' || ''unsь'' || ''ú'' || ''í'' || ''sik'' || ''sumen'' || ''fan''

| ''mir'' (pronounced ''mír'') || ''þir'' (pronounced ''þír'') || ''jam'' || ''jar''; ''ím'' (inanimate, Connecticut dialectal)

| ''mín(er)'' || ''þín(er)'' || ''jazer'' || ''jarer''  || ''umpier'' || ''impier''  || ''unsier'' || ''úrer'' || ''jarer'' || ''sín(er)'' || ''sín(er)'' || ''fizer''

The impersonal pronoun ''sum'' in the nominative case can be used as the 1st person plural in impersonal speech: ''Sum gáþ!'' 'Let's go!' (lit. one goes)

Possessive pronouns in predicative position are the masculine nominative form of the pronoun: ''Þe siag isь unsier!'' 'Victory is ours!'

| ''mín''<br/>''þín''<br/>''sín''<br/>''jaz''<br/>''jar''<br/>''unsier''<br/>''úrer''<br/>''fiz'' || ''míne''<br/>''þíne''<br/>''síne''<br/>''jaze''<br/>''jare''<br/>''unsie''<br/>''úre''<br/>''fize'' || ''míne''<br/>''þíne''<br/>''síne''<br/>''jaze''<br/>''jare''<br/>''unsie''<br/>''úre''<br/>''fize''  

| ''mínem''<br/>''þínem''<br/>''sínem''<br/>''jazem''<br/>''jarem''<br/>''unsiem''<br/>''úrem''<br/>''fizem'' || ''míner''<br/>''þíner''<br/>''síner''<br/>''jazer''<br/>''jarer''<br/>''unsier''<br/>''úrer''<br/>''fizer'' || ''mínem''<br/>''þínem''<br/>''sínem''<br/>''jazem''<br/>''jarem''<br/>''unsiem''<br/>''úrem''<br/>''fizem''

| ''míns''<br/>''þíns''<br/>''síns''<br/>''jazes''<br/>''jares''<br/>''unsies''<br/>''úres''<br/>''fizes'' || ''míner''<br/>''þíner''<br/>''síner''<br/>''jazer''<br/>''jarer''<br/>''unsier''<br/>''úrer''<br/>''fizer'' || ''míner''<br/>''þíner''<br/>''síner''<br/>''jazer''<br/>''jarer''<br/>''unsier''<br/>''úrer''<br/>''fizer''

*''þiz'' = this; ''jín'' = that

*''þat'' = (anaphoric) that

*''fár'' = where; ''hiér'' = here; ''þár'' = there

*''fanьs, hienьs, þanьs'' = from where, from here, from there

*''fidier, hidier, þadier'' = to where, to here, to there

*''fár + preposition'' = where- + preposition; ''hiér + preposition'' = here- + preposition; ''þár + preposition'' = there- + preposition

**''Álmán háþ ylьke probliámen.'' = Everyone has their own problems.

*''byþe, byþem, byþer'' = both

*''álþiéng, álmán'' = everything, everyone

** ''Furь kniét x, finьs et an y, salьk þat...'' = 'For any x, there exists a y, such that...'

*''jeþich'' = some (specific)

*''jeþfat, jeþmán, ...'' = something, someone (specific)

*''nýþiéng, nýmán'' = nothing, no one

** ''Ik stande at þier stráte.'' = I'm on the street.

** ''Ik gá at þier stráte.'' = I walk on the street.

** ''Ik gá at þá stráte.'' = I walk towards the street.

**''in þem'' > ''im''

*''siúþen'' = after

*''þruch'' = through

*''viþ'' = against

*''mid'' (pronounced ''mi'' before ''þ'') = with

**''mid þem'' > ''mim''

**''ta'' + ''þem, þier'' > ''tam, tar''

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''lióve'' || ''lióver'' || ''lióveþ'' || ''lióvem'' || ''lióveþ'' || ''lióvenь''  

| ''lióvedie'' || ''lióvedie'' || ''lióvedie'' || ''lióvediem'' || ''lióvedieþ'' || ''lióvedienь''  

| ''-'' || ''lióv!'' / ''lióve!'' || ''lióve er!'' || ''lióvem!'' || ''lióveþ!'' || ''lióvenь sí!''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''varmie'' || ''varmier'' || ''varmieþ'' || ''varmiem'' || ''varmieþ'' || ''varmienь''  

| ''varmiedie'' || ''varmiedie'' || ''varmiedie'' || ''varmiediem'' || ''varmiedieþ'' || ''varmiedienь''  

| ''-'' || ''varmь!'' / ''varmie!'' || ''varmie er!'' || ''varmiem!'' || ''varmieþ!'' || ''varmienь sí!''  

Some verbs with velar/palatal stems, e.g. ''brinżen, bráchtie, gebrácht'' 'bring'; ''bużen, buchtie, gebucht'' 'buy'; ''þanczen, þáchtie, geþácht'' - 'think' form a small subclass of soft stem thematic verbs.

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''bíte'' || ''bítier'' || ''bítieþ'' || ''bítem'' || ''bíteþ'' || ''bítenь''  

| ''bit'' || ''bit'' || ''bit'' || ''bitem'' || ''biteþ'' || ''bitenь''  

| ''-'' || ''bítь!'' / ''bítie!'' || ''bíte er!'' || ''bítem!'' || ''bíteþ!'' || ''bítenь sí!''  

Also: ''színen, szin, geszinen'' 'shine', ''dríven, driv, gedriven'' 'act', ''klíven, kliv, gekliven'' 'stick, cling', ''smíten, smit, gesmiten'' 'kill', ''vríten, vrit, gevriten'' 'write', ''vríþen, vriþ, gevriþen'' 'weave'.

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''czúze'' || ''czúzier'' || ''czúzieþ'' || ''czúzem'' || ''czúzeþ'' || ''czúzenь''  

| ''czór'' || ''czór'' || ''czór'' || ''czórem'' || ''czóreþ'' || ''czórenь''  

| ''-'' || ''czúzь!'' / ''czúzie!'' || ''czúze er!'' || ''czúzem!'' || ''czúzeþ!'' || ''czúzenь sí!''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''binde'' || ''bindier'' || ''bindieþ'' || ''bindem'' || ''bindeþ'' || ''bindenь''  

| ''biand'' || ''biand'' || ''biand'' || ''biandem'' || ''biandeþ'' || ''biandenь''  

| ''-'' || ''bindь!'' / ''bindie!'' || ''binde er!'' || ''bindem!'' || ''bindeþ!'' || ''bindenь sí!''  

Also: ''bieżénen, bieżán, bieżónen'' 'begin'; ''briénen, brián, gebriónen'' 'burn (intransitive)'; ''drinken, driank, gedriunken'' 'drink'; ''finden, fiand, gefiunden'' 'find'; ''grinden, griand, gegriunden'' 'grind'; ''riénen, rián, geriónen'' 'flow, run'; ''springen, spriang, gespriungen'' 'jump, burst, explode'; ''simben, siamb, gesiumben'' 'sing'; ''þrimben, þriamb, geþriumben'' 'compel'.

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''biare'' || ''b'''ie'''rier'' || ''b'''ie'''rieþ'' || ''biarem'' || ''biareþ'' || ''biarenь''  

| ''biár'' || ''biár'' || ''biár'' || ''biárem'' || ''biárþ'' || ''biárenь''  

| ''-'' || ''bierь!'' / ''bierie!'' || ''biare er!'' || ''biarem!'' || ''biareþ!'' || ''biarenь sí!''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''żave'' || ''ż'''e'''vier'' || ''ż'''e'''vieþ'' || ''żavem'' || ''żaveþ'' || ''żavenь''  

| ''żáv'' || ''żáv'' || ''żáv'' || ''żávem'' || ''żáveþ'' || ''żávenь''  

| ''-'' || ''ż'''e'''vь!'' / ''ż'''e'''vie!'' || ''żave er!'' || ''żavem!'' || ''żaveþ!'' || ''żavenь sí!''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''grave'' || ''gravier'' || ''gravieþ'' || ''gravem'' || ''graveþ'' || ''gravenь''  

| ''gráv'' || ''gráv'' || ''gráv'' || ''grávem'' || ''gráveþ'' || ''grávenь''  

| ''-'' || ''gravь!'' / ''gravie!'' || ''grave er!'' || ''gravem!'' || ''graveþ!'' || ''gravenь sí!''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''vyt'' || ''vyt'' || ''vyt'' || ''vitem'' || ''viteþ'' || ''vitenь''  

| ''vistie'' || ''vistie'' || ''vistie'' || ''vistiem'' || ''vistieþ'' || ''vistienь''  

| ''-'' || ''vyt!'' / ''vyte!'' || ''vite er!'' || ''vitem!'' || ''viteþ!'' || ''vitenь sí!''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''kán'' || ''kán'' || ''kán'' || ''kónem'' || ''kóneþ'' || ''kónenь''  

| ''kóndie'' || ''kóndie'' || ''kóndie'' || ''kóndiem'' || ''kóndieþ'' || ''kóndienь''  

=====''þurven'' 'to have to'=====

|+ '''''þurven'' 'to have to' '''

! Tempus || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''þarv'' || ''þarv'' || ''þarv'' || ''þurvem'' || ''þurveþ'' || ''þurvenь''  

| ''þurvdie'' || ''þurvdie'' || ''þurvdie'' || ''þurvdiem'' || ''þurvdieþ'' || ''þurvdienь''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''dóre'' || ''dórer'' || ''dóreþ'' || ''dórem'' || ''dóreþ'' || ''dórenь''  

| ''durstie'' || ''durstie'' || ''durstie'' || ''durstiem'' || ''durstieþ'' || ''durstienь''  

*''Fí durstie þú...'' = How dare you...

*''Ik durstь yncz erbaren þá anfer.'' = I wouldn't dare reveal the answer.

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''mag'' || ''mag'' || ''mag'' || ''mogem'' || ''mogeþ'' || ''mogenь''  

| ''moge'' || ''moger'' || ''moge'' ||  ''mogem'' || ''mogeþ'' || ''mogenь''

| ''mochtie'' || ''mochtie'' || ''mochtie'' || ''mochtiem'' || ''mochtieþ'' || ''mochtienь''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''mát'' || ''mát'' || ''mát'' || ''mátem'' || ''máteþ'' || ''mátenь''  

| ''mástie'' || ''mástie'' || ''mástie'' || ''mástiem'' || ''mástieþ'' || ''mástienь''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''ví'' || ''ví'' || ''ví'' || ''vím'' || ''víþ'' || ''vínь''  

| ''vildie'' || ''vildie'' || ''vildie'' || ''vildiem'' || ''vildieþ'' || ''vildienь''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''jém'' || ''jér'' || ''isь'' || ''sim'' || ''siþ'' || ''sinь''  

| ''vaz'' || ''vast'' || ''vaz'' || ''viárem'' || ''viáreþ'' || ''viárenь''  

| ''viárie'' || ''viárie'' || ''viárie'' || ''viáriem'' || ''viárieþ'' || ''viárienь''  

| ''-'' || ''bió!'' || ''bió er!'' || ''bióm!'' || ''bióþ!'' || ''biónь sí!''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''dá'' || ''dár'' || ''dáþ'' || ''dám'' || ''dáþ'' || ''dánь''  

| ''dié'' || ''diést'' || ''dié'' || ''diém'' || ''diéþ'' || ''diénь''  

| ''-'' || ''dá!'' || ''dá er!'' || ''dám!'' || ''dáþ!'' || ''dánь sí!''  

! tense || ''ik'' || ''þú'' || ''er/sí'' || ''bír'' || ''úr'' || ''sí''  

| ''gá'' || ''gár'' || ''gáþ'' || ''gám'' || ''gáþ'' || ''gánь''  

| ''żang'' || ''żang'' || ''żang'' || ''żangem'' || ''żangeþ'' || ''żangenь''  

| ''żenie'' || ''żenie'' || ''żenie'' || ''żeniem'' || ''żenieþ'' || ''żenienь''  

| ''-'' || ''gá!'' || ''gá er!'' || ''gám!'' || ''gáþ!'' || ''gánь sí!''  

: '''''Sí kán fádien þe map. / Sí kán jan fádien.'''''

: '''''Ik [[żave jam] jan]. / Ik kán [jan [jam żaven]]. / Ik kán [[jam żaven] þe kempiúter].'''''

:'''''Drincz þe vater yncz, er isь fúl!'''''

Usually the genitive is placed after the noun: ''þá żáve míns fadiers'' 'my father's gift', but genitive before noun is acceptable too when the noun is definite and animate: ''míns fadiers żáve''.

For example, ''Þe káke piám jaten.'' or ''Þe káke niám jaten.'' means 'The cake was eaten.'

* ''Ik jém at jaten þe apel.'' "I am eating the apple."

* ''Þe hund vaz at þróten jan.'' "The dog was threatening him."

* ''Ik jém þárat.'' "I'm doing it; I'm on it."

* ''Ik há gejaten þe apel.'' "I have eaten the apple"; in Connecticut Glommish also "I ate the apple"

*''oþ'' = or

*''þóch'' = although

*''þá'', ''als'' (literary) = when

*''ydier... oþ...'' = either... or...

*''þiersak'' = because

*''þat'' = that (can be used with ''moge'' + infinitive (present) or ''mochtie'' + infinitive (past) for purpose clauses)

**''Ik '''biesmulte''' et, þat anþere '''mogen''' ferstanden.'' = 'I'm explaining it so that others may understand.'

**''Ik '''biesmultedie''' et, þat anþere '''mochtien''' ferstanden.'' = 'I explained it so that others might understand.'

*''þánь'' = then

*''þus'' = so, thus

*''viedier X oþ Y'' = Both X and Y

{{PAGENAME}} relative clauses use the relativizer ''þat'', and a resumptive pronoun when the head is in an oblique argument. This resumptive pronoun structure is from Arabic influence.

The ''þár-'' words are used for prepositional objects that are inanimates; the personal pronouns are used for animates.

*''Þá piane þat ik żáv jar fáde þankedie mir.'' = 'The woman I gave food to thanked me.' (lit. the woman that I gave her food)

**Or: ''Þá piane jar ik żáv fáde þankedie mir.''

*''þe urd þat ik rián þárav'' or ''þe urd þárav ik rián'' = 'the place I ran from'

:'''''Er sażeþ, "Ik há nýn żald."'''''

:'''''Er sażeþ, "Ik hádie nýn żald."'''''  

:'''''Er sażeþ þat er háþ nýn żald.'''''  

:'''''Er sażdie þat er hádie nýn żald.'''''  

:'''''Er sażeþ þat er hádie nýn żald.'''''  

:'''''Er sażdie þat er hádie gehád nýn żald.'''''  

0-10: nól, yn, tvy, þrí, fiór, finf, siaks, siém, acht, nión, tién

11-19: ylief, tvalief, þrítién, fiórъtién, finfъtién, siaksъtién, siefъtién, achtién, nióntién

20-90: tvyntich, þrítich, ... achtich, nióntich

100: hunderþ

Ordinal numbers are formed with ''-te'' or ''-þe'' (weak declension): ''nólþe, yrste, tvyþe, þridie, fiórþe, finfþe, ...''

When they do not modify nouns, plural numerals ''tvy, þrí, fiór, ...'' have genitive forms ''tvyer, þríer, fiórer, ...'', and dative forms ''tvym, þríem, fiórem, ...''.

* Nominative: ''tvy þinge'' 'two things'; ''þá tvy þinge'' 'the two things'

* Dative: ''tvy(e)m þingem''; ''þím tvy(e)m þingem''

* Genitive: ''tvyer þingen''; ''þier tvy þingen''

''Þe ódiche map isь at ferbytren þe máre ave.'' = The terrible boy is traversing the big river.

**''þe kotczen'' 'kitten' < ''þe kot'' 'cat'

**''þe júdendám'' = Judaism

**''þe lapiel'': 'spoon'

**''þe katiel'': 'kettle'

**''andielóz'': 'endless' < ''þe andie'' 'end'

**''dażlik'' 'daily' < ''þe dag'' 'day'

**''vurdlik'' 'literal' < ''þe vurd'' 'word'

**''þá lyriernie'' 'teacher (female)' < ''þe lyrierь'' 'teacher'

**''þá fuksnie'' 'vixen' < ''þe fuks'' 'fox'

**''gefiársam'' 'dangerous' < ''þá gefiár'' 'danger'

**''vysam'' 'woeful' < ''þe vy'' 'woe'

**''þá unróe'' 'unrest, unease'

**''þe urdylь'' 'decision' < ''dylь'' 'part'

**''þá sriáleng'' 'radiation' < ''sriálen'' 'shine, radiate'

**''þá hytieng'' 'heating' < ''hytien'' 'to heat'

**''Czáv þir!'' (informal AND to one person)

*''óntú'' (formal OR to more than one person) / ''ónþir'' (informal AND to one person) = 'please' (lit. may it please you/if it pleases you)

*''Þank!'' = 'Thank you!'

*''Fí hyteþ úr?'' = 'What is your name?'

*''Fí isь þín/úrer mád?'' = 'How are you?' (lit. What is your state?)

*''Fanьs piemier þú? / Fanьs piameþ úr?'' = 'Where are you from?'

*''Sprieczer þú / Spriakeþ úr ...'' = 'Do you speak ...'

**''... þiúsk?'' = '... German?'

**''... niþerlandьsk?'' = '... Dutch?'

**''Já, þú mát / úr máteþ.'' = 'Yes, you may.'

*''Mát ik ú þúten?'' = 'May I address you informally (i.e. using ''þú'')?'

*''Isь þat sanþ?'' = 'Is that true?'

*''Mir davieþ/davenь...'' = 'I like... (a thing)'

*''Ándie þir / ú...'' / ''Ándienь þir / ú...'' = 'Would you like...'

*''Ik lióve þik.'' = I love you.

*''Mát ik þik kusien?'' = Can I kiss you?

*Sanþie /ˈsanθʲə/ (f.) ("truth")

**Siagfriuþ, Siaghildь, ...

*Þuner (m.) (*Þunraz)

*þunsdag = Thursday

*liþi = lithium

*fítgulþ = platinum

*gulþ = gold

:'''''Þiz rarde vaz ynst  gerichtied fur.'''''

:'''''Þank jazer líkamfólhyder, furvichtlikhyder end ferdavlikhyder geczór sum ta richtien jan fur.'''''

:'''''Álgemynie Útriádeng þier Manьskenriachten'''''

:'''''Útgliþ 1'''''

:'''''Ále liúdie sinь geburen frí end javen án vurþie end ánriachtem. Sí sinь bieżávd mid ferstandie end riachtkánie end þurvenь biedríven yn gaszt niávьste im andenь bráþierhyder.'''''

'''''Þe száp end þá ruse'''''

''An száp þat hádie nyn vóle myr siáv ruse: yn at tiúchen an þunge vage, yn at biaren ne máre lost, end yn at snióm biaren an mánsьk. Þe száp sażdie þím rusem: "Þe hiarte isь mir syr, fanь ik sióe an mánsьk at dríven ruse án." Þá ruse sażdienь: "Lusnie, száp, unsь isь þe hiarte syr saker þiz hám bír gesióen: an mánsьk, þe druchtien, makeþ sir varmen klyþe út þier szápen vóle, end þe száp háþ niót vóle myr." Als þe száp hóriedie þiz, flióch er þruch þá miédve.''

''Achtich-sieven járe isь et, after unsьre fadrie gebarenь án þizem jarþedylie ne niúe þióde, getiúszt in fríhyd, end ervíszt þier belóvneser þat ále liúdie sinь geskafen javen.''

For rídieþ sá lat þruch nachtь end vind?

Et isь þe fadier mid sínem czindie;

Er háþ þe map vial in þem armie,

Er fateþ jan tróstich, er haldieþ jan varm.

''Fí úr, lió Atiénierie, háþ niumen vichtied at av mínem bievráżeriem, vyt ik yncz; sá bielióvvirczend spriákenь sí, þat ik hadie sialv jénachtь ferżaten for ik viérie. Sanþes hánь sí áltbieachtied gesażd tvíls ynfat. Under þím miczelem lużem þat sí sażdienь sprang mir sik yn út in sunderem:''

=== Siúre 1: Þá Erupneng (tr. Hasien Elь-Chuliédí) ===

# Im namenь þes sambiarendenь, líchtliátichenь Gudes.

# Ále ráþь Gudie, áler viáldien Druchtnie,

# þem sambiarendenь, þem líchtliátichenь,

# þem im dámsdaże uvierriádendenь.

# Þik ályn bieyriem bír, end þik ályn bidiem bír um hulpie.

# Lydie unsь þe sniále viag,

# þe viag jíner án í þú geniáþe viz, nié jíner án í þín turn geviurden isь, nieþ þier jérienden.

[[Category:Jarþe]]