Glommish/Old: Difference between revisions

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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is the most recent common ancestor of [[Þiúdьsk]] and [[Ufirlandisg]].
'''Old Glommish''' is a special register of Glommish used in Glommish theater to represent characters in ancient times.
==Morphology==
=== Article ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Definite article'''
! rowspan=2 | case || colspan=3 | singular || colspan="3" | plural
|-
! m. || f. || n. || m. || f. || n.
|-
! nom.
| ''sa'' || ''sá'' || ''that'' || ''thy'' || ''thá'' || ''thá''
|-
! acc.
| ''than'' || ''thá'' || ''that'' || ''tho'' || ''thár'' || ''thá''
|-
! dat.
| ''tham'' || ''thyre'' || ''tham''
|colspan=3| ''thym''
|-
! gen.
| ''thas'' || ''thyrar'' || ''thas''
|colspan=3| ''thyra''
|}
 
===Nouns===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | o-stem: ''wulfъ'' (m.) 'wolf'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfa''
|-
! Accusative
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfo''
|-
! Genitive
| ''wulfъs'' || ''wulfa''
|-
! Dative
| ''wulfe'' || ''wulfъm''
|-
! Instrumental
| ''wulfъ'' || ''wulfъm''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | o-stem: ''jukъ'' (n.) 'yoke'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative/Accusative
| ''jukъ'' || ''juka''
|-
! Genitive
| ''jukъs'' || ''juka''
|-
! Dative
| ''juke'' || ''jukъm''
|-
! Instrumental
| ''jukъ'' || ''jukъm''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gefъ'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gefa'' || ''gefa''
|-
! Dative
| ''gefe'' || ''gefam''
|-
! Instrumental
| ''gefъ'' || ''gefam''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | eh2-stem: ''gēfa'' (f.) 'gift'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gēfa'' || ''gēfan''
|-
! Accusative
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfan''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfana''
|-
! Dative
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''
|-
! Instrumental
| ''gēfan'' || ''gēfam''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''gastь'' (m.) 'guest'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gastь'' || ''gasti''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gastьs'' || ''gastьja''
|-
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''gastь'' (m.) 'guest'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''gastь'' || ''gasti''
|-
! Genitive
| ''gastьs'' || ''gastьja''
|-
! Dative
| ''gasti'' || ''gastьmъ''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | i-stem: ''marь'' (n.) 'sea'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''marь'' || ''mari''
|-
! Genitive
| ''marьs'' || ''marьja''
|-
! Dative
| ''mari'' || ''marьmъ''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | u-stem: ''sunъ'' (m.) 'son'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''sunъ'' || ''sunir''
|-
! Genitive
| ''sunor'' || ''sunьwa''
|-
! Dative
| ''suni'' || ''sunъmъ''
|}
 
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | C-stem: ''burgь'' (f.) 'fortification'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''burgь'' || ''burgir''
|-
! Genitive
| ''burgir'' || ''burga''
|-
! Dative
| ''burgi'' || ''burgъmъ''
|}


<!--


This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | z-stem: ''lambъ'' (m.) 'lamb'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''lambъ'' || ''lambьra''
|-
! Genitive
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьra''
|-
! Dative
| ''lambьrь'' || ''lambьrъmъ''
|}


I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.


-->
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | an-stem: ''auga'' (n.) 'eye'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''auga'' || ''augana''
|-
! Genitive
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъna''
|-
! Dative
| ''augьnь'' || ''augъmmъ''
|}


==Introduction==


<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | n-stem: ''harpa'' (f.) 'harp'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''harpa'' || ''harpanь''
|-
! Genitive
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpana''
|-
! Dative
| ''harpanь'' || ''harpamъ''
|}


<!-- Example categories/headings:


Goals
Setting
Inspiration


-->
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | n-stem: ''burþi'' (f.) 'birth'
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''burþi'' || ''burþinь''
|-
! Genitive
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþina''
|-
! Dative
| ''burþinь'' || ''burþimъ''
|}


<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:


Vowel inventory
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
Consonant inventory
! colspan="3" | r-stem: ''fader'' (m.) 'father'
Syllable structure
|-
Stress
! style="width: 90px;" | Case
Intonation
! style="width: 100px;" | Singular
!  style="width: 100px;" | Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ''fader'' || ''fadrь''
|-
! Genitive
| ''fadъr'' || ''fadra''
|-
! Dative
| ''fadrь'' || ''fadrъmъ''
|}


-->
===Verbs===
==Phonology==
====Weak====
===Orthography===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
===Consonants===
|+ '''''leufanъ'' 'to love''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
! present indicative
| ''leufa'' || ''leufasь'' || ''leufaþь'' || ''leufamъ'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufanþь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''leufa'' || ''leufas'' || ''leufa'' ||  ''leufam'' || ''leufaþ'' || ''leufan''
|-
! past
| ''leufada'' || ''leufadest'' || ''leufade'' || ''leufadedъm'' || ''leufadedъd'' || ''leufadedъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''leufadedi'' || ''leufadedir'' || ''leufadedi'' || ''leufadedim'' || ''leufadedid'' || ''leufadedin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''leufa!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''leufaþ!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''leufand''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''leufadъ''
|}


{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''hylinъ'' 'to heal''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
! present indicative
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylisь'' || ''hyliþь'' || ''hylimъ'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylinþь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''hylьja'' || ''hylis'' || ''hyli'' ||  ''hylim'' || ''hyliþ'' || ''hylin''
|-
! past
| ''hylida'' || ''hylidest'' || ''hylide'' || ''hylidedъm'' || ''hylidedъd'' || ''hylidedъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''hylidedi'' || ''hylidedir'' || ''hylidedi'' || ''hylidedim'' || ''hylidedid'' || ''hylidedin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''hyli!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''hyliþ!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''hylind''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''hylidъ''
|}
 
====Strong====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''wrītъnъ'' 'to write''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
|-
|+'''Consonant phonemes'''
! present indicative
!colspan="2"|  
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītьrь'' || ''wrītьdь'' || ''wrītъmъ'' || ''wrītьd'' || ''wrītъndь''
! | Labial
! | Dental
! | Alveolar
! | Velar
! | Glottal
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Nasal
! present subjunctive
| '''m''' {{IPA|m}}
| ''wrīta'' || ''wrītyr'' || ''wrīty'' ||  ''wrītym'' || ''wrītyd'' || ''wrītyn''
| '''n''' {{IPA|n̪}}
|  
|  
|  
|-
|-
!rowspan="2" | Stop<br/>/Affricate
! past
!<small>voiceless</small>
| ''wryt'' || ''wryst'' || ''wryt'' || ''writъm'' || ''writъd'' || ''writъn''  
| '''p''' {{IPA|p}}
| '''t''' {{IPA|t̪}}
|
| '''k''' {{IPA|k}}
|
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
! past subjunctive
| '''b''' {{IPA|b~v}}
| ''writi'' || ''writir'' || ''writi'' || ''writim'' || ''writid'' || ''writin''  
| '''d''' {{IPA|d}}
|
| '''g''' {{IPA|g}}
|
|-
|-
!rowspan="2"|Fricative
! imperative
!<small>voiceless</small>
| ''-'' || ''wrīt!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''wrītъd!'' || ''-''  
| '''f''' {{IPA|f}}
| '''þ''' {{IPA|θ}}
| '''s''' {{IPA|s}}
|
| '''h''' {{IPA|h}}
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
!colspan="7"|
| ['''v''' {{IPA|v}}]
|
|
| ['''ɣ''' {{IPA|ɣ}}]
|-
|-
!colspan=2| Resonant
! present participle
| '''w''' {{IPA|ʋ}}
|colspan="6"| ''wrītъnd''
| '''r''' {{IPA|r}}
|-
| '''l''' {{IPA|l}}
! past participle
| '''j''' {{IPA|j}}
|colspan="6"| ''writъnъ''
|
|}
|}
===Vowels===


===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====


===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->


<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''keusъnъ'' 'to choose''''
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
|-
! present indicative
| ''keusa'' || ''kiusьrь'' || ''kiusьþь'' || ''keusъmъ'' || ''kiusьd'' || ''keusъndь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''keusa'' || ''keusyr'' || ''keusy'' ||  ''keusym'' || ''keusyd'' || ''keusyn''
|-
! past
| ''kaus'' || ''kaust'' || ''kaus'' || ''kurъm'' || ''kurъd'' || ''kurъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''kuri'' || ''kurir'' || ''kuri'' || ''kurim'' || ''kurid'' || ''kurin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''keus!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''kiusьd!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''keusъnd''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''kurъnъ''
|}
 
 


Nouns
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
Adjectives
|+ '''''bindъnъ'' 'to bind''''
Verbs
! tense || ''ek'' || ''þū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''ija''
Adverbs
|-
Particles
! present indicative
Derivational morphology
| ''binda'' || ''bindьrь'' || ''bindьþь'' || ''bindъmъ'' || ''bindьd'' || ''bindъndь''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''binda'' || ''bindyr'' || ''bindy'' ||  ''bindym'' || ''bindyd'' || ''bindyn''
|-
! past I
| ''band'' || ''banst'' || ''band'' || ''bundъm'' || ''bundъd'' || ''bundъn''
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''bundi'' || ''bundir'' || ''bundi'' || ''bundim'' || ''bundid'' || ''bundin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''bind!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''bindьd!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''bindъnd''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''bundъnъ''
|}


-->
===Adjectives===


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
If the first constituent of a clause was the subject, it was verb final. Otherwise, the verb followed the first constituent, thus using a V2 word order.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
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==Example texts==
==Example texts==
==Schleicher==
Skēpъ auk hrussy
Skēpъ, þat wulla ne hafde, hrussy sāw: ynъ þungъnъ wagnъ teuhъndъ, auk ynъ mauranъ hlostъ, auk ynъ gumъnъ sneumъ berъndъ. Nu sagide skēpъ hrussъmъ: "Herta mir darjьþь sewъndy gumъnъ drīfъndъ hrussy." Þanne sagiden hrussy: "Hauri, skēp! Herta unsь darjьþь þana sewъndъmъ: guma, druhten, ūtъ skēpъs wullai wurkiþь sir warmъnъ klyþъ; auk skēpъ wulla ne hafyþь." Þat hauridъ, flauh skēpъ þurh akrъ.
==Other resources==
==Other resources==
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
Line 130: Line 470:


[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]]
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