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Gothedish: Difference between revisions
→Verb phrase
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===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
====Tenses, aspects, moods==== | |||
*'''Simple present:''' present indicative - e.g. ''Ik <b>sähve</b> þuk.'' "I '''see''' you." | |||
**'''Subjunctive:''' present subjunctive - e.g. ''Jabe ik <b>sähve</b> þuk, <b>afgange</b>.'' "If I '''see''' you, I '''will leave'''." | |||
*'''Simple past:''' past indicative - e.g. ''Ik <b>sahv</b> þuk.'' "I '''saw''' you." | |||
**'''Subjunctive:''' past subjunctive - e.g. ''Jabe ik <b>sehje</b> þuk, <b>afingje</b>.'' "If I '''had seen''' you, I '''would have left'''." | |||
*'''Jussive/hortative:''' present subjunctive - e.g. ''<b>Afgange</b>.'' "I '''should leave'''." | |||
*'''Imperative:''' imperative - e.g. ''<b>Afgang</b>!'' "'''Leave'''!" | |||
**'''Negative:''' ''ne'' + present subjunctive - e.g. ''<b>Ne afganges</b>!'' "'''Don't leave'''!" | |||
*'''Present/past continuous:''' present/past of ''wisen'' "to be" + present participle (agrees with subject) - e.g. ''<b>Im afgangendes</b>.'' "I '''am leaving'''." | |||
*'''Present/past perfect:''' | |||
**'''Intransitive verbs of motion/change of state:''' present/past of ''wisen'' "to be" + past participle (agrees with subject) - e.g. ''<b>Im afgangenes</b>.'' "I '''have left'''." | |||
**'''Other verbs:''' present/past of ''haben'' "to have" + past participle (agrees with direct object) - e.g. ''<b>Habe</b> þuk <b>sähvenes</b>.'' "I '''have seen''' you." | |||
*'''Future:''' present of ''magen'' + infinitive - e.g. ''Ik <b>mag</b> þuk <b>sähven</b>.'' "I '''will see''' you." | |||
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*'''Present conditional:''' | |||
**'''Simple:''' past subjunctive - e.g. ''Ik <b>sehje</b> þuk.'' "I '''would see''' you." | |||
**'''Compound:''' present subjunctive of ''magen'' + infinitive - e.g. ''Ik <b>magje</b> þuk <b>sähven</b>.'' "I '''would see''' you." | |||
*'''Past conditional:''' past subjunctive of perfect auxiliary (''wisen/haben'') + past participle (agrees with subject/direct object) - e.g. ''Ik <b>sie</b> þuk <b>sähven</b>.'' "I '''would have seen''' you." | |||
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====Voice==== | |||
*'''Active:''' Basic form - e.g. ''Ik <b>sähve</b> þuk.'' "I '''see''' you." | |||
*'''Middle:''' Use object pronouns for first and second persons, and the middle pronoun for third person - e.g. ''Þou <b>sähves þuk</b>.'' "You '''are visible'''." | |||
*'''Passive:''' There are two kinds of passive. | |||
**'''General passive''': appropriate form of ''wisen'' "to be" + past participle (agrees with subject) - e.g. ''Þou <b>wast</b> sähvenes.'' "You '''were seen'''." | |||
**'''Inchoative passive''' (refers to beginning of state): appropriate form of ''wärþen'' "to become" + past participle (agrees with subject) - e.g. ''Þou <b>warst</b> sähvenes.'' "You '''were sighted'''." | |||
*'''Reflexive:''' Use reflexive pronouns - e.g. ''Ik sähve <b>(mi)silben</b>.'' "I see '''myself'''." | |||
*'''Reciprocal:''' Use the reciprocal pronoun ''hvarjander'' "each other" (in the appropriate case) - e.g. ''Jous sähvets <b>hvarjander</b>.'' "You see <b>each other</b>." | |||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||