Gothedish: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Gothedish
|name = Gothedish
|nativename = Razde Guþþydske <br />Razdă Γn̄ффindskă <br />𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 𐌲𐌿𐌸𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍃𐌺𐌰
|nativename = Razde Guþþydske <br />Razdă Γn̄ффindskă <br />𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 𐌲𐌿𐌸𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐍃𐌺𐌰 <br/>رزده گوثثدسکه
|pronunciation = [ˈrɐzdə ˈɡuːˌθʏtskə]
|pronunciation = ˈrɐzdə ˈɡuːˌθʏtskə
|creator = [[User:Shariifka|Shariifka]]
|creator = [[User:Shariifka|Shariifka]]
|region = Europe
|region = Europe
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| Ó ó; Ô ô || oː <!--|| woː -->|| <big>ــࣷو</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ || О́ о́ (Іо́ іо́) || <i>h'''ó'''lde</i> /h'''oː'''ldə/ "accused falsely", <i>'''ô'''n</i> /'''oː'''n/
| Ó ó; Ô ô || oː <!--|| woː -->|| <big>ــࣷو</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ || О́ о́ (Іо́ іо́) || <i>h'''ó'''lde</i> /h'''oː'''ldə/ "accused falsely", <i>'''ô'''n</i> /'''oː'''n/
|-
|-
| Ö ö || œ, øː <!--|| ɥœ, ɥøː -->|| <big>ــࣹـ ، ــࣹا</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i || Ё ё (Іё іё),<br />Ö ö (Іö іö) || <i>'''ö'''strogen</i> /'''œ'''stroˈd͡ʒeːn/, <i>f'''ö'''tus</i> /ˈf'''øː'''tus/ "fetus"
| Ö ö || œ, øː <!--|| ɥœ, ɥøː -->|| <big>ــࣹـ ، ــࣹا</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i || Ё ё (Іё іё),<br />Ö ö (Іö іö) || <i>'''ö'''strogen</i> /'''œ'''stroˈɡeːn/, <i>f'''ö'''tus</i> /ˈf'''øː'''tus/ "fetus"
|-
|-
| Eo eo; Êo êo || øː <!--|| ɥøː -->|| <big>ــࣹو </big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi || Ö ö (Іö іö) ||
| Eo eo; Êo êo || øː <!--|| ɥøː -->|| <big>ــࣹو </big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi || Ö ö (Іö іö) ||
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| ش || شین || sjin || [ʃiːn]
| ش || شین || sjin || [ʃiːn]
|-
|-
| ص || صاد || ṣad || [s(ˤ)ɑːθ]
| ص || صاد || ṣad || [s(ˤ)ɑːt]
|-
|-
| ض || ضاد || ḍad || [d(ˤ)ɑːθ, ð(ˤ)ɑːθ]
| ض || ضاد || ḍad || [d(ˤ)ɑːt, ð(ˤ)ɑːt]
|-
|-
| ط || طا || ṭa || [t(ˤ)ɑː]
| ط || طا || ṭa || [t(ˤ)ɑː]
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! rowspan="2"| Symbol !! colspan="3"| Name <!--!! colspan="2" | Sound--> !! rowspan="2" | Remarks
! rowspan="2"| Symbol !! colspan="3"| Name <!--!! colspan="2" | Sound--> !! rowspan="2" | Remarks
|-
|-
! Arabske !! style="width:500" | Lateinske !! IPA <!--!! IPA !! Lateinske equivalent-->
! Arabske !! width="120" | Lateinske !! width="100" | IPA <!--!! IPA !! Lateinske equivalent-->
|-
|-
| ء، أ، ؤ، ئ || همزه || hamze || [ˈhɐmzə] || Used for glottal stop and/or hiatus between vowels. Depending on position and the surrounding vowels, may be written on its own or on a "supporting" alif, waw, or ya'.
| ء، أ، ؤ، ئ || همزه || hamze || [ˈhɐmzə] || Used for glottal stop and/or hiatus between vowels. Depending on position and the surrounding vowels, may be written on its own or on a "supporting" alif, waw, or ya'.
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| ة || تی بندنه || te bundene || [teː ˈbʊnd.nə] || Used as an ending in mostly feminine nouns, especially those of Arabic origin. Usually replaced with ه or ت.
| ة || تی بندنه || te bundene || [teː ˈbʊnd.nə] || Used as an ending in mostly feminine nouns, especially those of Arabic origin. Usually replaced with ه or ت.
|-
|-
| ـَ ||  || ||  ||
| ـَ ||  || ufertän (fatḥe) || [ˈuːfr̩ˌtɛːn] || Literally "overtwig", used for the vowel ''a'' /ɐ, aː/.
|-
|-
| ـِ ||  || || ||
| ـِ ||  || undertän (kasre) || [ˈʊndr̩ˌtɛːn] || Literally "undertwig", used for the vowel ''i'' /ɪ, iː/.
|-
|-
| ـُ ||  || || ||
| ـُ ||  || uferhranke (ḍamme) || [ˈuːfr̩ˌr̥ɐŋkə] || Literally "overtendril", used for the vowel ''u'' /ʊ, uː/.
|-
|-
| ـٰ ||  || || ||
| ـٰ ||  || uferhrunge || [ˈuːfr̩ˌr̥ʊŋə] || Literally "overstaff", used for the vowel ''ä'' /æ, ɛː/.
|-
|-
| ـٛ ||  || ||  ||
| ـٖ ||  || underhrunge ||  [ˈʊndr̩ˌr̥ʊŋə] || Literally "understaff"', used for the vowel ''e'' /ɛ, eː/.
|-
|-
| ـٖ ||  || || ||
| ـٛ ||  || uferhlän || [ˈuːfr̩ˌɬɛːn] || Literally "overhill", used for the vowel ''å'' /ɒ, ɔː/.
|-
|-
| ـࣷ ||  || || ||
| ـࣷ ||  || ufergilþe || [ˈuːfr̩ˌd͡ʒɪlθə] || Literally "oversickle", used for the vowel ''o'' /ɔ, oː/.
|-
|-
| ـࣹ ||  || || ||
| ـࣹ ||  || undergilþe || [ˈʊndr̩ˌd͡ʒɪlθə] || Literally "undersickle", used for the vowel ''ö'' /œ, øː/.
|-
|-
| ||  || ||  ||
| ـࣺ ||  || underhranke || [ˈʊndr̩ˌr̥ɐŋkə] || Literally "undertendril", used for the vowel ''y'' /ʏ, yː/.
|-
|-
|  ||  ||  ||  ||
| ـْ ||  || gehaben (sukun) || [gəˈhaːbn̩] || Literally "withholding", used for a consonant not followed by a vowel.
|-
| ـّ ||  || starkjen (tasjdid) || [ˈstɐrt͡ʃn̩] || Literally "strengthening", used for a geminate or pseudo-geminite consonant (mainly in loanwords and at morpheme boundaries).
|-
| ـً ||  || twäsinþ ufertän (tanwin fatḥe) ||  || Literally "twice overtwig". Used for ''-an'' in Arabic phrases (which may be pronounced as ''-en'' /ən/ when used in Gothedish).
|-
| ـٍ ||| twäsinþ undertän (tanwin kasre) ||  || Literally "twice undertwig". Used for ''-in'' in Arabic phrases.
|-
| ـٌ ||  || twäsinþ uferhranke (tanwin ḍamme) ||  || Literally "twice overtendril". Used for ''-un'' in Arabic phrases.
|-
|-
|}
|}
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Compound words are head-final (like in German). Note that this differs from noun phrases, which are generally head-initial. The modifying noun(s) undergo the following changes (in this order) before adding onto the head noun:
Compound words are head-final (like in German). Note that this differs from noun phrases, which are generally head-initial. The modifying noun(s) undergo the following changes (in this order) before adding onto the head noun:
#If the noun ends in an iotated consonant, the iotation is removed.
#If the noun ends in an iotated consonant, the iotation is removed.
#If the noun now ends in a ''-b'' or ''-d'' that would be fricativized, replace it with its fricative counterpart (''f'' and ''þ'' respectively). Other voiced consonants are devoiced as usual, but this is not indicated in writing.
#If the noun now ends in a ''-b'' or ''-d'' that would be fricativized, replace it with its fricative counterpart (''f'' and ''þ'' respectively). However, this replacement does not occur if the consonant is followed by an identical consonant or its voiceless counterpart. Other voiced consonants are devoiced as usual, but this is not indicated in writing.
#If the noun ends in a schwa, it is dropped.
#If the noun ends in a schwa, it is dropped.
In some compounds, the modifying noun occurs in the genitive, in which case the above changes do not apply.
In some compounds, the modifying noun occurs in the genitive, in which case the above changes do not apply.
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*Nasalization of geminate voiced plosives.
*Nasalization of geminate voiced plosives.
*C + j > geminate palatalized consonant
*C + j > geminate palatalized consonant
*Unstressed vowel shortening reduction.
*Unstressed vowel shortening/reduction.
 
====Old Gothedish to Middle Gothedish====
====Old Gothedish to Middle Gothedish====
*Further vowel reduction.
*Further vowel reduction.
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|}
|}
<!--
<!--
'''Note:''' ''Twade'' is the general word for "second", while ''anþer'' specifically means "second/other (of two)"<!-- (similar to Ancient Greek ἕτερος ''héteros'')-->.
'''Note:''' ''Twade'' is the general word for "second", while ''anþer'' specifically means "second/other (of two)"<!-- (similar to Ancient Greek ἕτερος ''héteros'')-->
''Null'' "zero" declines as a masculine strong noun. ''Än'' "one" declines as a strong adjective.
''Null'' "zero" declines as a masculine strong noun. ''Än'' "one" declines as a strong adjective.
<!--
<!--
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====Suppletive verbs====
====Suppletive verbs====
In addition to the irregular strong and weak verbs mentioned above, there are two highly irregular verbs that are generally treated as their own class (even though they are technically strong). These are ''wisen'' "to be" and ''gangen'' "to go".
In addition to the irregular strong and weak verbs mentioned above, there are two highly irregular verbs that are generally treated as a class of their own. These are ''wisen'' "to be" and ''gangen'' "to go". Any verbs derived by prefixing these are conjugated similarly.
{|
{|
|
|
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===Sentence phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
==Vocabulary==
===Time - ''Mel''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Seasons - ''Jermeles''
! English !! Gothedish
|-
| spring || waser
|-
| summer || asen
|-
| fall || harbest
|-
| winter || winter
|-
|}
<!--
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Hijri months - ''Ménþes higjries''
! English !! Gothedish
|-
| Muharram || Muharram
|-
| Safar ||
|-
| Rabi' al-Awwal ||
|-
| Rabi' ath-Thani ||
|-
| Jumada al-Ula ||
|-
| Jumada al-Akhirah ||
|-
| Rajab ||
|-
| Sha'ban ||
|-
| Ramadan ||
|-
| Shawwal ||
|-
| Dhu'l-Qa'dah ||
|-
| Dhu'l-Hijjah ||
|-
|}-->
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Gregorian months - ''Ménþes miladies''
! English !! Gothedish
|-
| January || Winterménþ
|-
| February || Hårnménþ
|-
| March || Waserménþ
|-
| April || Paskeménþ
|-
| May || Winjeménþ
|-
| June || Wäzdeménþ
|-
| July || Heuménþ
|-
| August || Asenménþ
|-
| September || Wiþménþ
|-
| October || Wenménþ
|-
| November || Harbestménþ
|-
| December || Frysménþ
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Days of the week - ''Wikendages''
! English !! Gothedish
|-
| Sunday || Kyrkje
|-
| Monday || Anþerdag
|-
| Tuesday || Þriddag
|-
| Wednesday || Miþwike
|-
| Thursday || Fårskje
|-
| Friday || Gjume<!--; (''obsolete'') Párskje-->
|-
| Saturday || Sambete
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Parts of the day - ''Dagesdäles''
! English !! Gothedish
|-
| day || dag
|-
| dawn || sunnerrun
|-
| morning || mårgjen
|-
| noon || middag
|-
| afternoon || seiþ
|-
| evening || andenaht
|-
| dusk || sunnesankv
|-
| night || naht
|-
| midnight || miþnaht
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Units of time - ''Meléanþes''
! English !! Gothedish
|-
| second || þänige; sekunde
|-
| minute || dakhike; minute
|-
| hour || hveile
|-
| day || dag
|-
| week || wike
|-
| month || ménþ
|-
| season || jermel
|-
| year || jer
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Time adverbs - ''Biwårdes mellikes''
! English !! Gothedish
|-
| now || nu
|-
| then || þan
|-
| recently, a short time ago || skårt
|-
| earlier || fårþes
|-
| soon, shortly || är
|-
| later || biþe
|-
| always || sinten, eu
|-
| often || ufte
|-
| sometimes || atmelem
|-
| rarely || silden
|-
| never || neu
|-
| ever || eu
|-
| still, yet || nå
|-
| already || ju
|-
| today || hindage
|-
| tonight || hinahte
|-
| yesterday || fårdage
|-
| last night || fårnahte
|-
| tomorrow || gisterdage
|-
| before yesterday || fårfårdage
|-
| two nights ago || fårfårnahte
|-
| after tomorrow || afergisterdage
|-
| this week || wike isse
|-
| last week ||
|-
| next week ||
|-
|}
===Colours - ''Ränge''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Colours - ''Ränge''
! English !! Gothedish
|-
| white || hveit
|-
| grey || greu
|-
| black || swart
|-
| red || råþ
|-
| orange || pårtakalen
|-
| brown || broun
|-
| yellow || gul
|-
| green || gronj
|-
| blue || bleu
|-
| pink || rosen
|-
| purple || fjolen
|-
| golden || gulþen
|-
|}
==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)===
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