Grayis: Difference between revisions

Grayis (view source)

Revision as of 22:16, 5 September 2018

2,138 bytes added , 5 September 2018

→‎Nouns

Bpnjohnson

Bureaucrats

9,112

edits

@@ Line 475: / Line 475: @@
 ||ta āmid
 |-
-| 1sg abs
+| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">1sg '''abs'''</span>
-||prox river
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">prox</span> river
-||prg stand
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">prg</span> stand
 |-
-| I
+| '''I'''
 ||by river
 ||am.standing
 |}
-‘I am standing by the river.’
+‘'''I''' am standing by the river.’
 ===Ergative===
 The counterpart to absolutive is ergative. Any noun which takes a direct object must be marked with the particle ''ī''. (This particle is always paired with another noun phrase containing the particle ''ā'', and vice versa.)
+''Kāl '''ī''' chā ā ijun, kū’k plīnum t’āmīd.''
+{|
+| kāl '''ī'''
+||chā ''ā''
+||ijun
+||kū
+||uk plīnum
+||ta āmīd
+|-
+| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">2sg '''erg'''</span>
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">1sg ''obj''</span>
+||see
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">rel.abs</span>
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">prox</span> river
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">prg</span> stand
+|-
+| '''You'''
+||''me''
+||see
+||which
+||by river
+||am.standing
+|}
+‘You see me standing by the river.’
 ===Accusative===
 The accusative (or direct object) of any verb is marked with the particle ''ā''. (This particle is always paired with another noun phrase containing the particle ''ī'', and vice versa.)
+''Yaum ''ī'' juchī '''ā''' jai’dwam.''
+{|
+| yaum ''ī''
+||juchī '''ā'''
+||jai idwam
+|-
+| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">3pl ''erg''</span>
+||meat <span style="font-variant: small-caps">'''acc'''</span>
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">neg</span> eat
+|-
+| ''They''
+||'''meat'''
+||not eat
+|}
+‘''They'' do not eat '''meat'''.’
 ===Genitive===
 The genitive particle ''au'' indicates that the noun belongs to, is a part of, or is related to another noun. The genitive particle can be thought of as equivalent to the English clitic ''’s'', though it has a few different uses as well, such as forming the possessive pronouns (‘my’, ‘her’, ‘their’, &c), or translating the words ‘of’ or ‘from’.
+''Īmmikanā ī chāttur '''au''' chā'''’u''' brūk ā jik kamū.''
+{|
+| īmmikanā ī
+||chāttur '''au'''
+||chā '''au'''
+||brūk ā
+||jik kamū
+|-
+| wife <span style="font-variant: small-caps">erg</span>
+||brother <span style="font-variant: small-caps">'''gen'''</span>
+||1sg <span style="font-variant: small-caps">'''gen'''</span>
+||stone <span style="font-variant: small-caps">acc</span>
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">pst.pft</span> take
+|-
+| wife
+||'''of'''-brother
+||'''of'''-me
+||stone
+||took
+|}
+‘'''My''' brother'''’s''' wife took the stone.’
 ===Dative===
 The dative particle ''ai'' indicates that the noun is an indirect object of some kind. The dative case is a bit ambiguous in most languages, and can often be replaced by various prepositions (such as ‘to’, ‘for’, or ‘towards’).
+''Yun ī brūk ā yaunīllah '''ai''' gaillāk.''
+{|
+| yun ī
+||brūk ā
+||yaunīllah '''ai'''
+||gaillāk
+|-
+| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">3sg erg</span>
+||stone <span style="font-variant: small-caps">acc</span>
+||<span style="font-variant: small-caps">3pl.child '''dat'''</span>
+||give
+|-
+| She
+||stone
+||'''to'''-them
+||gives
+|}
+‘She gives the stone '''to''' them (her children).’
 ===Oblique===
 Finally, the oblique case (also called the prepositional case) is used when a noun is preceded by a preposition, or is otherwise not followed by any of the above adpositions.
+'''''Nu''' irruntutim.''
+{|
+| '''nu'''
+||irruntutim
+|-
+| '''with'''
+||cold
+|}
+‘It (the weather) is very cold.’
 ==Swadesh List==