Linguifex

Häskä: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Häskä (view source)

Revision as of 05:51, 12 January 2022

795 bytes removed ,  12 January 2022
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(41 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 2: Line 2:


{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =
|creator = User:IlL
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename =  
|nativename = dəluto Häskäs
|pronunciation=
|pronunciation=dəluto hæskæs
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Talma
|state = Bjeheond
|familycolor=tergetic
|familycolor=tergetic
|fam1=[[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]]
|fam1=[[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]]
|script=Windermere script?
|scripts=* Windermere script?
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


'''Häskä''' (''dülutu Häskäsu'' /dylutu hæskæsu/) is a [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language with an Amharic-inspired aesthetic.
'''Häskä''' (''dəluto Häskäs'' /dəluto hæskæs/) is a [[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]] language with an Amharic- and Uralic-inspired aesthetic.
 
grammar should be a lot more Austronesian than Talman
 
==Gibberish==
==Gibberish==
Bärtətəlič o sgəzu kə-fteru di-sumätäk!
:'''''Ha bärtətəlič žə-sgəδo i ftero mi-sumätäk!'''''
:ah PRES-FREQ-fall like-gold-F DIR foliage-F in wind-PL
:''Ah! How leaves fall like gold in the wind!''


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Line 27: Line 29:
!  |Labial
!  |Labial
!  |Alveolar
!  |Alveolar
!  |Lateral
!  |Retroflex
!  |Palatal
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Velar
Line 42: Line 44:
! rowspan="2" |Stop
! rowspan="2" |Stop
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>plain</small>
| ('''p''' /p/)
|  
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
|  
|  
Line 61: Line 63:
| '''f''' /f/
| '''f''' /f/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''s''' /s/
| '''š'''
|  
|  
| '''š''' /ʃ/
|  
|  
| '''h''' /h/
| '''h''' /h/
Line 68: Line 70:
! |<small>voiced</small>
! |<small>voiced</small>
|  
|  
| '''z''' /z/
| '''δ''' /ð/
| '''ž'''
|  
|  
| '''ž''' /ʒ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 77: Line 79:
|  
|  
| '''c''' /ts/
| '''c''' /ts/
| '''č'''
|  
|  
| '''č''' /tʃ/
|  
|  
|
|
Line 84: Line 86:
! colspan="2" |Approximant
! colspan="2" |Approximant
| '''w''' /w/
| '''w''' /w/
| '''r''' /r/
| '''r''' /r/, '''l''' /l/
| '''l''' /l/
|
| '''y''' /j/
| '''y''' /j/
|  
|  
|  
|  
|}
|}
In addition, '''p''' /p/ is used in loanwords.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Line 103: Line 106:
Häskä morphology is roughly equally prefixing and suffixing.
Häskä morphology is roughly equally prefixing and suffixing.
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
Häskä nouns have a natural gender system. Nouns denoting females or that end in the feminine suffix ''-u'' (after C) or ''-su'' (after V) (from Proto-Lakovic *-s and the feminine verb marker ''*wa-'') are feminine. Inanimate nouns, and animals that are not dedicated words for males and females, can be used in both genders interchangeably.
Häskä nouns have a natural gender system. Nouns denoting females or that end in the feminine suffix ''-o'' (after C) or ''-s'' (after V) are feminine. Inanimate nouns, and animals that are not dedicated words for males and females, can be used in both genders interchangeably.


====Plurals====
====Plurals====
Plurals are formed with reduplication, as in most other Lakovic languages:
Unusually for a Lakovic language, plurals are formed with a suffix ''-k'' or ''-äk'':
*təlič /təlitʃ/ = kernel, grain > tətəlič /tətəlitʃ/ = kernels, grains
*''sumät'' /sumæt/ = wind
**''sumätäk'' /sumætæk/ = winds
If the word is treated as feminine:
*''sumäto'' /sumæto/ = wind
**''sumätok'' /sumætok/ = winds


====Case markers====
====Case markers====
Häskä has Austronesian alignment, like [[Lakovic languages|Proto-Lakovic]].
Here are the basic case markers:
Here are the basic case markers:


*''id'' = direct
*''id, i'' = nominative
*''o'' = indirect
*''u'' = accusative
*''kə'' = genitive
*''kə'' = genitive
*''mi'' = locative
*''žə'' = "like"


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
Line 124: Line 131:
*''fin'' = he
*''fin'' = he
*''fis'' = she
*''fis'' = she
*''bäñ'' = we two (inc.)
*''nə-ri'' etc. = plural pronouns


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.
Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.


Verb template: negative-gender/mood-tense/aspect-{{angbr|voice}}ROOT
Verb template: negative-gender/mood-tense/aspect-{{angbr|voice}}ROOT-pluractional
 
Verbs are negated with: ''di-''
====Gender====
*''wə-'' = feminine
 
====Mood====
*''ku-'' = cohortative
 
====Aspect====
Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication.
 
Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (''F'') or last consonant (''L'')
*imperfective/stative = unmarked
*perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with ''em-'' for others
*prospective = ''hef-'' (closest equivalent of future tense)
*momentane = ''bla-''
*progressive = ''ăL-''
*gnomic = ''FăL-''
*frequentative = ''eNFă-''
*inchoative/inceptive = ''oLă-''
*graduative = ''tăFa-''
 
====Intensive====
*''twə-'' = intensive prefix


====Voice affixes====
Verbs are negated with ''di-''.
Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed.
*''‹ăc›'' = Dynamic passive
*''‹ră›'', ''‹wă›'' = Stative passive
*''‹ăb›'' = Reflexive
*''‹ăn/ăng›'' = Applicative trigger
*''‹ith›'' = Locative trigger
*''‹ăw›'' = Instrumental trigger
*''‹ăfong›'' = Destination trigger
*''‹ălis›'' = Comitative trigger
*''‹ăm›'' = Source/cause trigger
*''‹ăchem›'' = Benefactive/purpose trigger
*''‹ărea›'' = Malefactive trigger


===Derivational morphology===
===Derivational morphology===
*yə- = adjectivizer
*yə- = adjectivizer
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]
[[Category:Lakovic languages]]
IlL
138,726

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/155806...254298"