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Hantza: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
:''Main article: [[/Phonology|Hantza phonology]]'' | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
There are eighteen consonant phonemes in Hantza. | |||
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In Hantza, /s/ is typically realised as the retracted [s̠] and, for many speakers, it is realised as [ɕ] before /i/. Similarly, /ts/ may become [tɕ] before /i/. | |||
The glottal fricative /h/ is realised differently depending on the vowel that follows it. These allophones are given in the table below: | |||
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! style="width: 66px; " | | |||
! style="width: 66px; " |Before /a/ | |||
! style="width: 66px; " |Before /e, i | |||
! style="width: 66px; " |Before /o, u/ | |||
|- | |||
! Intervocalic | |||
| [ɦ̝] | |||
| [ç] | |||
| [ɦ̝ʷ] | |||
|- | |||
! Word-final | |||
| colspan="3"| [x ~ χ] | |||
|- | |||
! Elsewhere | |||
| [ħ̝] | |||
| [ç] | |||
| [ħ̝ʷ] | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
The single rhotic in Hantza /r/ also has a great many realisations but these differ according to dialect: [ɾ ~ ɹ ~ r ~ ʀ ~ ʁ ~ χ ~ x]. It is also often labialised before /o, u/. | |||
The lateral /l/ is realised as a dark [ɫ] when followed by /k, h/ and as a clear [l] elsewhere. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Hantza's vowel inventory is a simple five-vowel system, similar to that of many modern languages, such as Greek and Swahili. Vowel length is not phonemic in Hantza and there are no diphthongs. | |||
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With the exception of /a/, vowels do not undergo reduction when unstressed; /a/ is phonetically [ä] when stressed and [ɐ] when unstressed. The remaining four vowels /i, u, e, o/ are usually realised as [ɪ, ʉ, ɛ, ɔ]. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||