Hantza/Test Case Sentences

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218 test case sentences taken from http://fiziwig.com/conlang/syntax_tests.html.

Sentences

  1. "The sun shines" - Tzinawa do matz - 3SG.AN-IMPF-bright ART sun
  2. "The sun is shining" - see above, no distinction in progressive
  3. "The sun shone" - Tzinawa do matz/Tzinanawa do matz/Tzilanawa do matz (imperfective/delimitative/perfective)
  4. "The sun will shine" - Tzitunawa do matz - 3SG.AN-FUT-bright ART sun
  5. "The sun has been shining" - Tzinawa do matz
  6. "The sun is shining again" -
  7. "The sun will shine tomorrow" -
  8. "The sun shines brightly" - Tzinisawa do matz - 3SG.AN-IMPF-<MDP>bright ART sun
  9. "The bright sun shines" - Tzinawa do nawa matz - 3SG.AN-IMPF-bright ART bright sun

Notes

  • Matz "sun" is grammatically animate, hence the prefix tzi- on the verb.
  • The imperfective mode is unmarked.
  • The only overt tense distinction in Hantza is non-future/future.
  • Adverbs that are semantically similar to the related verb are often conveyed in Hantza by the intensive mediopassive.
  • See here for more on attributive adjectives.