Harākti

Harākti
Harākti
Pronunciation	[[Help:IPA|xaˈɾaːkti]]
Created by	–
Language family	Indo-European Anatolian (?) Harākti
Early form	Old Harākti (?)

Harākti (harākti [xaˈɾaːkti]) is an Indo-European language. It is part of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European languages, although it differs extensivly from the rest of the Anatolian languages, which is the reason for some speculation regarding its place within the Indo-European family. The strognest argument placed forward in favour of Harākti being an Anatolian language is the fact that, like Hittite, it is a language that reflected some of the laryngeal sounds as consonants. Its verbal system likewise resembles that of Hittite, and the general symplicity of the declensional and conjugational systems is again a characteristic shared with the Anatolian languages.

Phonology

The phonology of Harākti is a direct result of phonological changes or sound shifts from Proto-Indo-European. The majority of the changes are regular and can be tracked down to Proto-Indo-European and they have frequent cognates in modern Indo-European languages. In general, the phonology of the language is fairly simple, resembling the Hittite phonology system in terms of consonants and the Latin phonology system in terms of vowels.

Consonants

Harākti has a simple system of consonants - a total of 16 (or 18) consonants.

Harākti consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar
					plain	labialised
Nasal	m		n
Plosive		p b	t d		k g	kʷ gʷ
Fricative			s		x ɣ
Approximant		ʋ		(j)		(w)
Flap or tap			ɾ
Lateral app.			l

Note:

• the consonants /j/ and /w/ are usually analyzed as non-vocalic vowels /i̯/ and /u̯/.

Vowels

Harākti has a simple system of the basic 5 (cardinal) vowels. However, they can be either short or long, which brings the total number of vowels to 10.

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i	iː			u	uː
Close-mid	e	eː			o	oː
Open			a	aː

Note:

• the near-mid short vowels [e o] may be lowered to mid [e̞ o̞] or open-mid vowels [ɛ ɔ] when in unstressed possitions.

Phonetic changes

The following two tables sum up (most of) the regular changes from Proto-Indo-European to Harākti.

Consonants
Proto-Indo-European	Harākti
*p	p
*t	t
*ḱ	k
*k	k
*kʷ	kʷ
*b	b
*d	d
*ǵ	g, x
*g	g
*gʷ	gʷ
*bʰ	b
*dʰ	d
*ǵʰ	g
*gʰ	ɣ
*gʷʰ	ɣ
*s	s
*m	m
*-m	-n
*n	n
*l	l
*r	ɾ
*i̯	i̯
*u̯	ʋ; u̯

Vowels
Trad. PIE	Laryngeal PIE	Harākti
*e	*e, *h₁e	e
*a	(*a), *h₂e	ha
*o	*h₃e	a, e, ha
	*o	a, o
*ə	*h₁	a
	*h₂	ah, ha
	*h₃	o, oh
*-	*h₁-	a, Ø
	*h₂-	ha
	*h₃-	ha
*ē	*ē, *eh₁	ē
*ā	(*ā), *eh₂	ah
*ō	*ō, *eh₃	ō
*i	*i	i
*ī	*ih₁	ī
	*ih₂	ih
	*ih₃	ī
*ei	*ei, *h₁ei	ē
*oi	*oi, *h₃ei	ā
*ai	(*ai), *h₂ei	hā
*ēi	*ēi	ei
*ōi	*ōi (*oei)	o
*āi	*eh₂ei	ēh
*u	*u	u
*ū	*uh₁	ū
	*uh₂	uh
	*uh₃	ū
*eu	*eu, *h₁eu	eu, ū
*ou	*ou,*h₃eu	ho
*au	(*au), *h₂eu	hau, hū
*ēu	*ēu	ē
*ōu	*ōu	ā
*m̥	*m̥	am, -ān
*m̥̅	*mh₁	mā
	*mh₂	mē
	*mh₃	mō
*m̥m	*m̥m	em
*n̥	*n̥	an
*n̥̄	*nh₁	nā
	*nh₂	nē
	*nh₃	nō
*n̥n	*n̥n	en
*l̥	*l̥	al
*l̥̄	*lh₁	lā
	*lh₂	lē
	*lh₃	lō
*l̥l	*l̥l	el
*r̥	*r̥	ar
*r̥̄	*rh₁	ɾā
	*rh₂	ɾē
	*rh₃	ɾō

Orthography

The letter-to-sound ratio is virtually 1:1, with the exception of a digraph - see below:

Letter	A	B	D	E	G	GH	H	I	K	L	M	N	O	P	R	S	T	U	V
Sound	a	b	d	e	g	ɣ	x	i	k	l	m	n	o	p	ɾ	s	t	u	ʋ
Letter	Ā			Ē	GU			Ī	KU				Ō					Ū
Sound	aː			eː	gʷ			iː	kʷ				oː					uː
Letter								I										U
Sound								i̯										u̯