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Hlou-Shum languages: Difference between revisions
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[[Hlou-Shum languages/Lexicon]] | [[Hlou-Shum languages/Lexicon]] | ||
'''Hlou-Shum''' ([[Hlou]]: ''Ntzog Ntzog Schlaub-Xön''; [[Ko]]: ''lees yoo ndoigh Hloodh-Xoo'') is a placeholder name for a language family that includes [[Hlou]]. Most modern Hlou-Shum languages are tonal. The proto-language, '''Proto-Hlou-Shum''' (PHS), is about 2500 years old. The family is based on the idea of recasting IE languages as Hmong-like languages. | |||
TODO: actually look at OC more | |||
==Family tree== | ==Family tree== | ||
*Proto-Hlou-Shum | *Proto-Hlou-Shum | ||
**[[Hlou]] (''Ntzog Schlaub'') | **[[Hlou]] (''Ntzog Schlaub'') | ||
**Shumic | **Shumic | ||
***[[Shum]] ('' | ***[[Shum]] (''lhàu śúṃ'') | ||
*** | **[[Ko]] (''lees ndoigh Komh'') | ||
**[[ | **[[Tlu]] (χμῶ Τλὣ) | ||
**[[Liai]] (''hmỳ Liaĩ'') | |||
**[[Clooa]] (''Mois de la Crouet'') | **[[Clooa]] (''Mois de la Crouet'') | ||
===Timeline=== | ===Timeline=== | ||
| Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
==Writing system== | ==Writing system== | ||
Proto-Hlou-Shum was written with a system of logographs. Hlou, | Proto-Hlou-Shum was written with a system of logographs. Hlou, Ko and Shumian developed the logographs separately into their own writing systems. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
A Proto-Hlou-Shum word had the structure | A Proto-Hlou-Shum word had the structure | ||
(preinitial) + (C)C(r/l)V(C)(C | (preinitial) + (C)C(r/l)V(C)(C) <sup>tone</sup>. | ||
Preinitials were unstressed derivational prefixes. | Preinitials were unstressed derivational prefixes. | ||
===Initials=== | ===Initials=== | ||
*p t | *p t tθ ts tx ḱ k kw ʔ | ||
* | *bh dh dθh dsh dxh ģh gh gwh | ||
*b d | *b d dθ ds dx ǵ g gw | ||
*f θ s x h | |||
*f | *F Θ S X H = voiced/breathy f θ s x h | ||
*F | |||
*m n ń ŋ y r l w | *m n ń ŋ y r l w | ||
*M N Ń Ŋ Y R L W = breathy counterparts | |||
θ-series > ɬ-series in some descendants | |||
Ko and Clooa gain uvulars through velars + r/l. | |||
===Nuclei=== | ===Nuclei=== | ||
| Line 52: | Line 50: | ||
*-m -n -l -w -y | *-m -n -l -w -y | ||
*-ʔ -s | *-ʔ -s | ||
* | *nasal + s or ʔ | ||
* | *plosive + s | ||
===Tones=== | ===Tones=== | ||
| Line 81: | Line 79: | ||
*r- preinitial | *r- preinitial | ||
**lenition/retroflexion in Hlou | **lenition/retroflexion in Hlou | ||
* | *θ- preinitial | ||
**changes some consonants in Shum | **changes some consonants in Shum | ||
**maybe it's the same as the r-preinitial | **maybe it's the same as the r-preinitial | ||
==Reflexes== | ==Reflexes== | ||
=== | === Hlou === | ||
==== | ==== Initials ==== | ||
Initial clusters (not every cluster may be allowed) | Initial clusters (not every cluster may be allowed) | ||
*ḱ ǵ ś > tx dx x | *ḱ ǵ ś > tx dx x | ||
| Line 123: | Line 121: | ||
-k > glottal stop final | -k > glottal stop final | ||
==== Tones ==== | |||
Tone split from voiceless initial/voiced initial? | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
! Tone class | |||
! Voiceless initial (5/8) | |||
! Voiced initial (3/8) | |||
|- | |||
! A (10/27) | |||
| ''-b'' (23%) | |||
| ''-0'' (14%) | |||
|- | |||
! B (5/27) | |||
| ''-n'' (12%) | |||
| ''-s'' (6.9%) | |||
|- | |||
! C (5/27) | |||
| ''-s'' (12%) | |||
| ''-g'' (6.9%) | |||
|- | |||
! D (4/27) | |||
| ''-ß'' (9.3%) | |||
| ''-d'' (5.6%) | |||
|- | |||
! E (3/27) | |||
| ''-hn'' (6.9%) | |||
| ''-h'' (4.2%) | |||
|} | |||
Among non-E syllables the distribution is: | |||
b (23%) > s (19%) > 0 (14%) > n (12%) > ß (9.3%) > g (6.9%) > d (5.6%) | |||
===Shum=== | |||
s- triggers tone split | s- triggers tone split | ||
| Line 156: | Line 185: | ||
*gw > v > vh in shum | *gw > v > vh in shum | ||
*w > w > v in shum | *w > w > v in shum | ||
==Sample== | ==Sample== | ||