Hlou-Shum languages /ˈɮɛtʃən/ (Hlou-Shum languages: baeyghnae Aetjeon /ˈpɛjɣnɛ ˈɛtʃʰən/) is a Naquic language inspired by Praimhín's Rencadian (abandoned by the author). It is a modern descendant of Naquian.
Numbers 1-12: baev, diho, natj-L, tqov, dzaweo, bael-L, oth, loseoth, bas-L, gaeyo, dav, dadheo-L (multiples of 3 lenite the following noun!)
Phonology
Consonants
|
Labial |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Lateral |
Palatal |
Velar |
Glottal
|
| Nasal
|
m /m/ |
n /n/ |
|
|
|
ng /ŋ/ |
|
| Stop/Affricate
|
tenuis
|
b /p/ |
d /t/ |
dz /ts/ |
dx /tɬ/ |
dj /tʃ/ |
g /k/ |
|
| aspirated
|
p /pʰ/ |
t /tʰ/ |
ts /tsʰ/ |
tq /tɬʰ/ |
tj /tʃʰ/ |
c /kʰ/ |
|
| Fricative
|
voiceless
|
f /f/ |
th /θ/ |
s /s/ |
q /ɬ/ |
sj /ʃ/ |
ch /x/ |
h /h/
|
| voiced
|
v /v/ |
dh /ð/ |
z /z/ |
x /ɮ/ |
zj /ʒ/ |
gh /ɣ/ |
|
| Approximant
|
|
|
|
l /l/ |
y /j/ |
w /w/ |
|
- Notes
- In casual speech, the unaspirated stops and affricates /p t ts tɬ tʃ k/ are voiced intervocalically to [b d dz dɮ dʒ ɡ].
- Depending on speaker, /l/ may be slightly retracted [l̠] or slightly velarized [lˠ]. Since Hlou-Shum languages has no rhotic consonant, foreign /r/ or /ɺ˞/ is borrowed as /l/.
Vowels
Hlou-Shum languages vowels
|
|
Front
|
Central
|
Back
|
| Close
|
i /ɪ/
|
eu /ɨ/
|
u /ʊ/
|
| Mid
|
ae /ɛ/
|
eo /ə/
|
o /ɔ/
|
| Open
|
|
a /a/
|
|
Mutations
| Normal
|
p |
t |
ts |
s |
tq |
q |
tj |
sj |
c |
b |
d |
dz |
z |
dx |
x |
dj |
zj |
g
|
| Lenited
|
f |
th |
s |
h |
q |
h |
sj |
h |
ch |
v |
dh |
z |
0 |
x |
0 |
zj |
0 |
gh
|
| Eclipsed
|
b |
d |
dz |
z |
dx |
x |
dj |
zj |
g |
m |
n |
dz |
z |
dx |
x |
dj |
0 |
ng
|
| Normal
|
m |
n |
ng |
w |
l |
y
|
| Lenited
|
w |
n |
ng |
w |
w |
y
|
| Eclipsed
|
m |
n |
ng |
w |
l |
y
|
Prosody
Stress
In native words stress is on the first syllable, not counting prefixes. In loans, stress falls on the same syllable as in the source language.
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Xaetjeon nouns have only two cases, nominative and vocative. The vocative is formed by leniting the noun.
Plural nouns are marked with a prefix dxa-L, and definite nouns are marked with a suffix -nae-L.
| Case |
Indefinite Singular |
Indefinite Plural |
Definite Singular |
Definite Plural
|
| Nominative |
ca |
dxacha |
canae |
dxachanae
|
| Vocative |
cha |
xacha |
- |
-
|
Adjectives
Adjectives do not take affixes. However, adjectives modifying feminine nouns (i.e. nouns that ended in a vowel in Naquian) lenite.
Predicative adjectives precede the subject, while attributive adjectives follow it.
Verbs
| Present tense affixes
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1.ex
|
-(eo)n
|
-wae
|
| 1.in
|
-
|
-(eo)d
|
| 2
|
-0, -a, -ae, -i, -o, -u
|
-(eo)b
|
| 3
|
-(eo)z
|
-(eo)x
|
|
| Past tense
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1.ex
|
-nae
|
-wo
|
| 1.in
|
-
|
-do
|
| 2
|
-ae
|
-eov
|
| 3
|
-zae
|
-xae
|
|
| Future tense
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1.ex
|
chin
|
chiwae
|
| 1.in
|
-
|
chid
|
| 2
|
chi
|
chib
|
| 3
|
chiz
|
chix
|
|