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Ilda: Difference between revisions
→Genitive case
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| name = Ilda | | name = Ilda | ||
| nativename = ildaska vloskās | | nativename = ildaska vloskās | ||
| pronunciation = ildasˌkʰa vl̪osˈkʰaːs | |||
| setting = Radael | | setting = Radael | ||
| ethnicity = Ilda-Maranösic peoples | | ethnicity = Ilda-Maranösic peoples | ||
| Line 20: | Line 21: | ||
| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Ilda''' is the equivalent of Ancient Greek in my con-world of Radael. | '''Ilda'''(''ildaska vloskās'', <small>Ilda:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ildasˌkʰa vl̪osˈkʰaːs]]]) is the equivalent of Ancient Greek in my con-world of Radael. | ||
Most of our knowledge of Ilda comes from surviving literature that was not destroyed by the Moshurian Pillage of Ilda<ref>Following the defeat of Ilda at the hands of Moshurian horsemen, said horsemen then pillaged the region(that had been steadily declining until this defeat) in about a week, which Zeror called the ''evlotāska ogadibakās''(Week of Destruction).</ref>, such as Zeror of Ilda's ''Ildaska Mondenikās''<ref>The original ''Ildaska Mondenikās'' was lost in the Pillage, and thus after Zeror's capture by the Moshurians, he rewrote it in full in both Ildan and Moshurian, allowing linguists to decipher the Ildan language.</ref>, which has been invaluable in the reconstruction of the Ildan language, as well as its long-spanning history. | Most of our knowledge of Ilda comes from surviving literature that was not destroyed by the Moshurian Pillage of Ilda<ref>Following the defeat of Ilda at the hands of Moshurian horsemen, said horsemen then pillaged the region(that had been steadily declining until this defeat) in about a week, which Zeror called the ''evlotāska ogadibakās''(Week of Destruction).</ref>, such as Zeror of Ilda's ''Ildaska Mondenikās''<ref>The original ''Ildaska Mondenikās'' was lost in the Pillage, and thus after Zeror's capture by the Moshurians, he rewrote it in full in both Ildan and Moshurian, allowing linguists to decipher the Ildan language.</ref>, which has been invaluable in the reconstruction of the Ildan language, as well as its long-spanning history. | ||
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However, when the Moshurians invaded and pillaged Ilda, the majority of the members of ''Ildasia'' | However, when the Moshurians invaded and pillaged Ilda, the majority of the members of ''Ildasia'' | ||
were suspected as potential rebels against the Moshurian regime, and were thus given the choice of being imprisoned or going into exile. Almost all of Ildasia's documentation, including the original copy of the ''Ildaska Mondenikās'' was burned. Zeror, with his knowledge of Moshurian, was able to avoid persecution, and ended up settling in Taráhus, where he secretly | were suspected as potential rebels against the Moshurian regime, and were thus given the choice of being imprisoned or going into exile. Almost all of Ildasia's documentation, including the original copy of the ''Ildaska Mondenikās'' was burned. Zeror, with his knowledge of Moshurian, was able to avoid persecution, and ended up settling in Taráhus, where he secretly rewrote the ''Ildaska Mondenikās'' in both Ilda and Moshurian. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
====Romanisation==== | ====Romanisation==== | ||
The Ilda romanisation is mostly directly phonetic, although some digraphs, like ⟨sw⟩ and ⟨zw⟩ are pronounced <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃ]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> and <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[w:Voiced post-alveolar fricative|ʒ]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> respectively. Additionally, the symbol ⟨γ⟩ is pronounced <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>. | The Ilda romanisation is mostly directly phonetic, although some digraphs, like ⟨sw⟩ and ⟨zw⟩ are pronounced <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃ]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> and <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[w:Voiced post-alveolar fricative|ʒ]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> respectively. Additionally, the symbol ⟨γ⟩ is pronounced <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>, and the digraphs ⟨pt⟩ and ⟨bd⟩ are pronounced [ʔt] and [ʔd]. | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Post-alveolar !! Velar !! Palatal !! Uvular !! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! Plosive | |||
| p b || || || t d || || k g || || q || ʔ | |||
|- | |||
! Nasal | |||
| m || ɱ || || n || || ŋ || ɲ || || | |||
|- | |||
! Fricative | |||
| || f v || θ || s z || ʃ ʒ || ɣ || ç || || h | |||
|- | |||
! Lateral Approximant | |||
| || || l̪ || l || || || ʎ || || | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
In Ilda, stress falls oxytonically, or on the last syllable. However, if a word contains the graph ⟨ā⟩, stress falls on the syllable that contains the ⟨ā⟩. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Almost all nouns in Ilda end in the suffix ''-as'' or ''-ās''. This feature comes from [[Proto-Yeldhic]], which used the suffix ''*-ḗs''<ref>Derived from Etzeá ''-oéẕ''.</ref> to denote nouns in the [[w:Genitive case|genitive case]], although some linguists believe that the genitive suffix was ''*-sḡa''<ref>Derived from Burodi ''-skœ''.</ref>, and that instead the Ilda suffix was derived from the Proto-Yeldhic [[w:Accusative case|accusative]] suffix, ''*-Vḵs''. | Almost all nouns in Ilda end in the suffix ''-as'' or ''-ās''. This feature comes from [[Proto-Yeldhic]], which used the suffix ''*-ḗs''<ref>Derived from Etzeá ''-oéẕ''.</ref> to denote nouns in the [[w:Genitive case|genitive case]], although some linguists believe that the genitive suffix was ''*-sḡa''<ref>Derived from Burodi ''-skœ''.</ref>, and that instead the Ilda suffix was derived from the Proto-Yeldhic [[w:Accusative case|accusative]] suffix, ''*-Vḵs''. | ||
====Cases==== | |||
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | !! colspan=3 | Case | |||
|- class=small | |||
! Genitive !! Accusative !! Dative | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Example | |||
|- | |||
! ''dinuγ'' | |||
| ''dinuγāska'' || ''dinuγāswa'' || ''iswodinuγ'' | |||
|- | |||
! ''initās'' | |||
| ''initāska'' || ''initāswa'' || ''iswinitās'' | |||
|} | |||
Ilda has three noun cases- the '''[[w:Genitive case|genitive case]]''', the '''[[w:Accusative case|accusative case]]''' and the '''[[w:Dative case|dative case]]'''. | Ilda has three noun cases- the '''[[w:Genitive case|genitive case]]''', the '''[[w:Accusative case|accusative case]]''' and the '''[[w:Dative case|dative case]]'''. | ||
====Genitive case==== | =====Genitive case===== | ||
The genitive case is denoted with the suffix ''-aska/āska'', save for the word ''[[Contionary:tāsnaq|tāsnaq]]''(meaning "horse"), where instead the prefix ''o-'' is used. The suffix most likely comes from the Proto-Yeldhic inset ''-asẘa-''. The prefix ''o-'' most likely comes from Proto-Ildaïc, where the prefix ''ṓ-'' was used to denote possession of an object<ref>This feature is not found in Proto-Yeldhic.</ref>.<br> | The genitive case is denoted with the suffix ''-aska/āska'', save for the word ''[[Contionary:tāsnaq|tāsnaq]]''(meaning "horse"), where instead the prefix ''o-'' is used. The suffix most likely comes from the Proto-Yeldhic inset ''*-asẘa-''. The prefix ''o-'' most likely comes from Proto-Ildaïc, where the prefix ''*ṓ-'' was used to denote possession of an object<ref>This feature is not found in Proto-Yeldhic.</ref>.<br> | ||
'''Example:''' ''Us otāsnaq uswas''(The ''height of '' the horse) | '''Example:''' ''Us otāsnaq uswas''(The ''height of '' the horse) | ||
====Accusative case==== | |||
=====Accusative case===== | |||
The accusative case is indicated with the suffix ''-aswa'' or ''-āswa''. It originates in the [[Proto-Yeldhic]] suffix ''*-aʕʷḗ''<ref>Derived from Maranz ''-ikhawė'' and Ancient Ulmic ''*-(i)qṹwl''.</ref>, which represented a [[w:Direct object pronoun|direct object pronoun]]. | The accusative case is indicated with the suffix ''-aswa'' or ''-āswa''. It originates in the [[Proto-Yeldhic]] suffix ''*-aʕʷḗ''<ref>Derived from Maranz ''-ikhawė'' and Ancient Ulmic ''*-(i)qṹwl''.</ref>, which represented a [[w:Direct object pronoun|direct object pronoun]]. | ||
'''Example:''' ''Kunās | '''Example:''' ''Kunās irodin us [[Contionary:dinuγ|dinuγāswa]].''(She greeted the ''dog'') | ||
====Dative case==== | |||
The dative case is indicated with the prefix ''isw-'', with the prefix ''iswo-'' being used if the root word starts with a consonant. It originates in the [[Proto-Yeldhic]] prefix ''* | =====Dative case===== | ||
The dative case is indicated with the prefix ''isw-'', with the prefix ''iswo-'' being used if the root word starts with a consonant. It originates in the [[Proto-Yeldhic]] prefix ''*ʕʷjo-''. | |||
'''Example:''' ''Okimet | '''Example:''' ''Okimet iptim us [[Contionary:dinuγ|iswodinuγ]].''(Okimet gives ''to'' the dog) | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||