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TODO: Check out Middle Prakrit, use some Czech and Danish inspiration.
= Early Prakrit =
= Early Prakrit =
== Pronouns ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
! rowspan=2 | case || rowspan=2 | 1sg. || rowspan=2 | 2sg. || colspan=3 | 3sg. ||rowspan=2|reflexive
|-
! m. || f. || n.
|-
! nom.
| ''aha, a̋, ha, ah'' || ''tou'' || ''sa'' || ''sa̋'' || ''tah'' || ''-''
|-
! acc.
| ''me, mý'' || ''te, tý'' || ''ta'' || ''tő'' || ''tah'' || ''se, sý''
|-
! gen.
| ''mana̋'' || ''tvana̋'' || ''taš'' || ''tech'' || ''taš'' || ''svana̋''
|-
! dat.
| ''meži, mej'' || ''tehi, tej'' || ''tamej'' || ''tašej, ta̋j'' || ''tamej'' || ''sehi, sej''
|-
! ins.
| ''maný'' (m), ''maja̋'' (f) || ''tvaný'' (m/n), ''tvaja̋'' (f) || ''taný'' || ''taja̋'' || ''taný'' || ''svaný'' (m/n), ''svaja̋'' (f)
|-
! loc.
| ''maj'' || ''tvaj'' || ''tami'' || ''taší'' || ''tami'' || ''svaj''
|-
! rowspan=2 | case ||rowspan=2| 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || colspan="3" | 3pl.
|-
! m. || f. || n.
|-
! nom.
| ''véh'' || ''jíh'' || ''sí'' || ''seh'' || ''ta̋''
|-
! acc.
| ''nas'' || ''jis'' || ''tőh'' || ''teh'' || ''ta̋''
|-
! gen.
| ''namő'' || ''jimő'' || ''týšő'' || ''ta̋šő'' || ''týšő''
|-
! dat.
| ''nabh'' || ''jibh'' || ''týbh'' || ''ta̋bh'' || ''týbh''
|-
! ins.
| ''nahi'' || ''jihi''|| ''týhi'' || ''ta̋hi'' || ''týhi''
|-
! loc.
| ''namýš'' || ''jimýš'' || ''týš'' || ''ta̋š'' || ''týš''
|}
Demonstratives: ši, ší, ših (distance-neutral)
Interrogative (determiner and pronőn): či, čí, čih
==Nouns==
==Nouns==
(-č/-če/-ce/-tě) behaves more like a contrast particle than in literary Ilithian
=== o-stems ===
=== o-stems ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
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!
!
! colspan=2| ''vrk'' (m.) = wolf
! colspan=2| ''vrk'' (m.) = wolf
! colspan=2| ''loušná'' (f.) = moon, month
! colspan=2| ''lőšna̋'' (f.) = moon, month
! colspan=2| ''oušta'' (n.) = mouth
! colspan=2| ''őšta'' (n.) = mouth
|-
|-
!
!
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|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''vrk''||''vrký''
|''vrk''||''vrký''
|''loušná''||''loušnaḥ''
|''lőšna̋''||''lőšneh''
|''oušta'' || ''ouštá''
|''őšta'' || ''őšta̋''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''vrkaš'' ||''vrkou''
|''vrka̋h'' ||''vrkő''
|''loušnaḥ'' ||''loušnou''
|''lőšna̋h'' ||''lőšnő''
|''ouštaš'' ||''ouštou''
|''őšta̋h'' ||''őštő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''vrkej'' ||''vrkabh''
|''vrké'' ||''vrkabh''
|''loušnej'' ||''loušnábh''
|''lőšné'' ||''lőšna̋bh''
|''ouštej'' ||''ouštabh''
|''őšté'' ||''őštabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''vrka'' ||''vrkouḥ''
|''vrka'' ||''vrkőh''
|''loušnou'' ||''loušnaḥ''
|''lőšnő'' ||''lőšneh''
|''oušta'' ||''ouštá''
|''őšta'' ||''őšta̋''
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''vrkáḥ''  ||''vrkabh''
|''loušnáḥ'' ||''loušnábh''
|''ouštáḥ'' ||''ouštabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''vrky'' ||''vrkýḥ''
|''vrkaný'' ||''vrkahi''
|''loušňá'' ||''loušnýḥ''
|''lőšnaja̋'' ||''lőšna̋hi''
|''oušty'' ||''ouštýḥ''
|''őštaný'' ||''őštahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''vrci'' ||''vrkýš''
|''vrkami'' ||''vrkýš''
|''loušný'' ||''loušnáš''
|''lőšný, lőšnaší'' ||''lőšna̋š''
|''oušti'' ||''ouštýš''
|''őštami'' ||''őštýš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''vrče!'' ||''vrký!''
|''vrče!'' ||''vrký!''
|''loušna!'' ||''loušnáḥ!''
|''lőšna!'' ||''lőšnech!''
|''oušte!'' ||''ouštá!''
|''őšte!'' ||''őšta̋!''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''ageň'' (m.) = fire
! colspan=2| ''ageň'' (m.) = fire
! colspan=3| ''mať'' (f.) = thought
! colspan=2| ''mať'' (f.) = thought, idea
! colspan=3| ''mař'' (n.) = sea
! colspan=2| ''mař'' (n.) = sea
|-
|-
!
!
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''ageň'' ||''agňů''||''agňé''
|''ageň'' ||''agní''
|''mať'' ||''maťé'' ||''maťaḥ''
|''mať'' ||''matěh''
|''mař'' ||''mařé'' || ''maří''
|''mař'' || ''maří''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''agňéš'' || ''agňou''  ||''agňou''
|''agníh'' ||''agňű''
|''maťéḥ'' || ''maťou'' ||''maťou''
|''matíh'' ||''maťű''
|''mařéš'' || ''mařou'' ||''mařou''
|''maříh'' ||''mařű''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''agňej'' || ''agňébha'' ||''agňebh''
|''agní'' ||''agněbh''
|''maťáj'' || ''maťébha'' ||''maťebh''
|''matí'' ||''matěbh''
|''mařej'' || ''mařébha'' ||''mařebh''
|''maří'' ||''mařebh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''agni'' || ''agňů'' ||''agníḥ''
|''agni'' ||''agníh''
|''mati'' || ''maťé'' || ''maťaḥ''
|''mati'' || ''matěh''
|''mař'' || ''mařé'' ||''maří''
|''mař'' ||''maří''
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''agňéḥ'' || ''agňébha'' ||''agňebh''
|''maťéḥ'' || ''maťébha'' ||''maťebh''
|''mařéḥ'' || ''mařébha'' ||''mařebh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''agní'' || ''agňébha'' ||''agňéḥ''
|''agněný'' ||''agněhi''
|''matijá'' || ''maťébha'' ||''maťábhi''
|''matija̋'' ||''matěhi''
|''maří'' || ''mařébha'' || ''mařéḥ''
|''mařený'' || ''mařehi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''agňé'' || ''agňou'' ||''agníš''
|''agněmi'' ||''agníš''
|''maťé'' || ''maťou'' ||''matíš''
|''matí, matěší'' ||''matíš''
|''mařé'' || ''mařou'' ||''maříš''
|''mařemi'' ||''maříš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''agňe!'' || ''agňů!'' ||''agňé!''
|''agně!'' ||''agní!''
|''maťi!'' || ''maťé!'' ||''maťaḥ!''
|''mati!'' ||''matěh!''
|''maře!'' || ''mařé!'' ||''maří!''
|''maře!'' ||''maří!''
|}
|}


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!
!
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''patní'' ||''patnijé''||''patníḥ''
|''patní'' ||''patníh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''patníḥ'' || ''patnijou''  ||''patnijou''
|''patních'' ||''patňű''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''patní'' || ''patníbha'' ||''patníbh''
|''patní'' ||''patníbh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''patní'' || ''patnijé'' ||''patníḥ''
|''patní'' ||''patníh''
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''patníḥ'' || ''patníbha'' ||''patníbh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''patnijá'' || ''patníbha'' ||''patníbhi''
|''patnija̋'' ||''patníhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''patnijé'' || ''patnijou'' ||''patníš''
|''patnijí, patníší'' ||''patníš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''patní!'' || ''patnijé!'' ||''patníḥ!''
|''patní!'' ||''patníh!''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''výju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=2| ''výju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=3| ''žouštú'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=2| ''žőštou'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=3| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
! colspan=2| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
|-
|-
!
!
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''výju'' || ''výjavů'' ||''výjavé''
|''výju'' ||''výjavý''
|''žouštú'' || ''žoustavé'' ||''žouštavaḥ''
|''žőštou'' ||''žőštaveh''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' || ''medhú''
|''medhu'' || ''medhou''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''výjouš'' || ''výjavou'' ||''výjavou''
|''výjűh'' ||''výjavő''
|''žouštouḥ'' || ''žouštavou'' ||''žouštavou''
|''žőštőh'' ||''žőštavő''
|''medhouš'' || ''medhavou'' ||''medhavou''
|''medhőh'' ||''medhavő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''výjavej'' || ''výjubha'' ||''výjubh''
|''výjavé'' ||''výjubh''
|''žouštaváj'' || ''žouštubha'' ||''žouštubh''
|''žőštava̋j'' ||''žőštubh''
|''medhavej'' || ''medhubha'' ||''medhubh''
|''medhavé'' ||''medhubh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''výjú'' || ''výjavů'' ||''výjúḥ''
|''výjou'' ||''výjouch''
|''žouštú'' || ''žouštavé'' ||''žouštúḥ''
|''žőštou'' ||''žőštouch''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' ||''medhú''
|''medhu'' ||''medhou''
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''výjouḥ'' || ''výjubha'' ||''výjubh''
|''žouštouḥ'' || ''žouštubha'' ||''žouštubh''
|''medhouḥ'' || ''medhubha'' ||''medhubh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''výjú'' || ''výjubha'' ||''výjubhi''
|''výjuný'' ||''výjuhi''
|''žouštujá'' || ''žouštubha'' ||''žouštubhi''
|''žőštuja̋'' ||''žőštuhi''
|''medhú'' || ''medhubha'' ||''medhubhi''
|''medhuný'' ||''medhuhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''výjáu'' || ''výjavou'' ||''výjúš''
|''výjumi'' ||''výjouš''
|''žouštáu'' || ''žouštavou'' ||''žouštúš''
|''žőštavý, žőštouší'' ||''žőštouš''
|''medháu'' || ''medhavou'' ||''medhúš''
|''medhumi'' ||''medhouš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''výjou!'' || ''výjavů!'' ||''výjavé!''
|''výjű!'' ||''výjavý!''
|''žouštou!'' || ''žouštavé!'' ||''žoustavaḥ!''
|''žőštő!'' ||''žőstavah!''
|''medhou!'' || ''medhavé!'' ||''medhú!''
|''medhő!'' ||''medhou!''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''žmenaš'' ||''žmenou''
|''žmena̋ch'' ||''žmenő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''žmenej''  ||''žmenabh''
|''žmené''  ||''žmenabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''žmena'' ||''žmenaḥ''
|''žmena'' ||''žmenach''
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''žmenáḥ'' ||''žmenabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''žmeny'' ||''žmenýḥ''
|''žmenaný'' ||''žmenahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''žmeni'' ||''žmenýš''
|''žmenami'' ||''žmenýš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
Line 250: Line 274:


=== ma-stems ===
=== ma-stems ===
-ma nouns regularize to -mena nouns (cf. Czech)
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''vnama'' (n.) = name
! colspan=3| ''vlamena'' (n.) = name
|-
|-
!
!
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''vnama''||''vnamené''||''vnamená''
|''vlamena''||''vlamena̋''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''vnamenaš''|| ''vnamenou'' ||''vnamenou''
|''vlamena̋ch'' ||''vlamenő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''vnamenej'' ||''vnamenabha''  ||''vnamenabh''
|''vlamené'' ||''vlamenabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''vnama'' ||''vnamené''||''vnamená''
|''vlamena'' ||''vlamena̋''
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''vnamenáḥ'' ||''vnamenabha''  ||''vnamenabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''vnamený'' ||''vnamenabha''  ||''vnamenéḥ''
|''vlamenaný'' ||''vlamenahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''vnameni, vnamené'' || ''vnamenou'' ||''vnamenaš''
|''vlamenami'' ||''vlamenýš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''vnama!'' ||''vnamené!''  ||''vnamená!''
|''vlamena!'' ||''vlamena̋!''
|}
|}


=== s-stems ===
=== s-stems ===
''nebh'' regularizes to ''nebhes''
''nebh'' regularizes to ''nebhesa''


=== Other athematics ===
=== Other athematics ===
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, ''vrýž'' 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular ''i''-stem masculine noun.
Other athematics usually become regular o- or i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, ''vrýž'' 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular ''i''-stem masculine.


=== -ýr nouns ===
=== -ýr nouns ===
TODO: Family members ''patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''patýr'' (m.) = father
! colspan=2| ''patýr'' (m.) = father
|-
|-
!
!
!singular
!singular
!dual
!plural
!plural
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''patýr''||''paterů''||''pateré''
|''patýr''||''patrý''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''patreš''|| ''patrou'' ||''patrou''
|''patra̋ch'' ||''patrő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''patrej'' ||''patrbha''  ||''patrbh''
|''patré'' ||''patrabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''patra'' ||''paterů''||''patŕḥ''
|''patra'' ||''patrőch''
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''patréḥ'' ||''patrbha''  ||''patrbh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''patrý'' ||''patrbha''  ||''patrbhi''
|''patraný'' ||''patrahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''patři, patré'' || ''patrou'' ||''patrš''
|''patrami'' ||''patrýš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''patre!'' ||''paterů!''  ||''pateré!''
|''patre!'' ||''patrý!''
|}
|}
== Copula ==
== Copula ==
Present
Present
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''jesmi, jsmi'' || ''jesme, jsme''
| ''śmi'' || ''śme''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''jesi, jsi'' || ''jeste jste''  
| ''śi'' || ''śte''  
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| (zero) || (zero)
| ''jéch'' || ''śa̋''
|-
|-
|}
|}


= Late Prakrit =
= Late Prakrit =
Veering towards topic prominent grammar
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar
== Copula ==
== Nouns ==
Present
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes.
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=2| ''vrk'' (m.) = wolf
|-
! |
! | Singular
! | Plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''vrk'' || ''vrk-al''
|-
|-
!|
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
! Singular !! Plural
|''vrk-ach'' || ''vrk-al-ach''
|-
|-
! 1st
|align="right"|'''Dative/Allative'''
| ''=hm'' || ''=hme''
|''vrk-pi'' || ''vrk-al-pi''
|-
|-
! 2nd
|align="right" |'''Accusative'''
| ''=si'' || ''=ste''  
|''vrk-ej'' || ''vrk-al-ej''
|-
|-
! 3rd
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
| (zero) || (zero)
|''vrk-any'' || ''vrk-al-any''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''vrk-ami'' || ''vrk-al-ami''
|}
|}
== Adjectives ==
Adjectives don't agree for number and case anymore
/ɕy:ɐ̯t jiːf/ = good horse; /ɕy:ɐ̯t dʐɛnɛ/ = good wife; /ɕy:ɐ̯t dʰein/ = good child
IlL
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