Linguifex

Ilithian/Prakrit: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Ilithian/Prakrit (view source)

Revision as of 02:30, 5 March 2024

600 bytes removed ,  5 March
m
→‎Nouns
 
(59 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
TODO: Check out Middle Prakrit, use some Czech and Danish inspiration.
= Early Prakrit =
= Early Prakrit =
== Pronouns ==
== Pronouns ==
Line 7: Line 8:
|-
|-
! nom.
! nom.
| ''aha, já, ha'' || ''tú'' || ''sa'' || ''sá'' || ''tach'' || ''-''
| ''aha, a̋, ha, ah'' || ''tou'' || ''sa'' || ''sa̋'' || ''tah'' || ''-''
|-
|-
! acc.
! acc.
| ''me'' || ''te'' || ''ta'' || ''tou'' || ''tach'' || ''se''
| ''me, mý'' || ''te, tý'' || ''ta'' || ''tő'' || ''tah'' || ''se, sý''
|-
|-
! gen.
! gen.
| ''maná'' || ''tvaná'' || ''taš'' || ''tech'' || ''taš'' || ''svaná''
| ''mana̋'' || ''tvana̋'' || ''taš'' || ''tech'' || ''taš'' || ''svana̋''
|-
|-
! dat.
! dat.
| ''meži'' || ''tebhi'' || ''tamej'' || ''tašej, táj'' || ''tamej'' || ''sebhi''
| ''meži, mej'' || ''tehi, tej'' || ''tamej'' || ''tašej, ta̋j'' || ''tamej'' || ''sehi, sej''
|-
! abl.
| ''mách'' || ''tvách'' || ''tamách'' || ''tašách'' || ''tamách'' || ''svách''
|-
|-
! ins.
! ins.
| ''maný'' (m), ''majá'' (f) || ''tvaný'' (m/n), ''tvajá'' (f) || ''taný'' || ''tajá'' || ''taný'' || ''svaný'' (m/n), ''svajá'' (f)
| ''maný'' (m), ''maja̋'' (f) || ''tvaný'' (m/n), ''tvaja̋'' (f) || ''taný'' || ''taja̋'' || ''taný'' || ''svaný'' (m/n), ''svaja̋'' (f)
|-
|-
! loc.
! loc.
Line 32: Line 30:
|-
|-
! nom.
! nom.
| ''véch'' || ''júch'' || ''sí'' || ''sech'' || ''tá''  
| ''véh'' || ''jíh'' || ''sí'' || ''seh'' || ''ta̋''  
|-
|-
! acc.
! acc.
| ''nas'' || ''jus'' || ''touch'' || ''tech'' || ''tá''
| ''nas'' || ''jis'' || ''tőh'' || ''teh'' || ''ta̋''
|-
|-
! gen.
! gen.
| ''namou'' || ''jumou'' || ''týšou'' || ''tášou'' || ''týšou''
| ''namő'' || ''jimő'' || ''týšő'' || ''ta̋šő'' || ''týšő''
|-
|-
! dat.
! dat.
| ''nabh'' || ''jusmabh'' || ''týbh'' || ''tábh'' || ''týbh''
| ''nabh'' || ''jibh'' || ''týbh'' || ''ta̋bh'' || ''týbh''  
|-
! abl.
| ''nabh'' || ''jusmabh'' || ''týbh'' || ''tábh'' || ''týbh''  
|-
|-
! ins.
! ins.
| ''nabhi'' || ''jubhi''|| ''tých'' || ''tábhi'' || ''tých''  
| ''nahi'' || ''jihi''|| ''týhi'' || ''ta̋hi'' || ''týhi''  
|-
|-
! loc.
! loc.
| ''namýš'' || ''jumýš'' || ''týš'' || ''táš'' || ''týš''  
| ''namýš'' || ''jimýš'' || ''týš'' || ''ta̋š'' || ''týš''  
|}
|}
Demonstratives: ši, ší, šich (distance-neutral)
Demonstratives: ši, ší, ših (distance-neutral)


Interrogative (determiner and pronoun): či, čí, čich
Interrogative (determiner and pronőn): či, čí, čih
 
Relative: ja, já, jach


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
Line 65: Line 58:
!
!
! colspan=2| ''vrk'' (m.) = wolf
! colspan=2| ''vrk'' (m.) = wolf
! colspan=2| ''löüšná'' (f.) = moon, month
! colspan=2| ''lőšna̋'' (f.) = moon, month
! colspan=2| ''öüšta'' (n.) = mouth
! colspan=2| ''őšta'' (n.) = mouth
|-
|-
!
!
Line 78: Line 71:
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''vrk''||''vrký''
|''vrk''||''vrký''
|''löüšná''||''löüšnech''
|''lőšna̋''||''lőšneh''
|''öüšta'' || ''öüštá''
|''őšta'' || ''őšta̋''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''vrkách'' ||''vrköü''
|''vrka̋h'' ||''vrkő''
|''löüšnách'' ||''löüšnöü''
|''lőšna̋h'' ||''lőšnő''
|''öüštách'' ||''öüštöü''
|''őšta̋h'' ||''őštő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''vrkej'' ||''vrkabh''
|''vrké'' ||''vrkabh''
|''löüšnej'' ||''löüšnábh''
|''lőšné'' ||''lőšna̋bh''
|''öüštej'' ||''öüštabh''
|''őšté'' ||''őštabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''vrka'' ||''vrköüch''
|''vrka'' ||''vrkőh''
|''löüšnöü'' ||''löüšnech''
|''lőšnő'' ||''lőšneh''
|''öüšta'' ||''öüštá''
|''őšta'' ||''őšta̋''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''vrkaný'' ||''vrkabhi''
|''vrkaný'' ||''vrkahi''
|''löüšnajá'' ||''löüšnábhi''
|''lőšnaja̋'' ||''lőšna̋hi''
|''öüštaný'' ||''öüštabhi''
|''őštaný'' ||''őštahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''vrkami'' ||''vrkýš''
|''vrkami'' ||''vrkýš''
|''löüšný, löüšnaší'' ||''löüšnáš''
|''lőšný, lőšnaší'' ||''lőšna̋š''
|''öüštami'' ||''öüštýš''
|''őštami'' ||''őštýš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''vrče!'' ||''vrký!''
|''vrče!'' ||''vrký!''
|''löüšna!'' ||''löüšnech!''
|''lőšna!'' ||''lőšnech!''
|''öüšte!'' ||''öüštá!''
|''őšte!'' ||''őšta̋!''
|}
|}


Line 130: Line 123:
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''ageň'' ||''agní''
|''ageň'' ||''agní''
|''mať'' ||''matěch''
|''mať'' ||''matěh''
|''mař'' || ''maří''
|''mař'' || ''maří''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''agních'' ||''agňöü''
|''agníh'' ||''agňű''
|''matích'' ||''maťöü''
|''matíh'' ||''maťű''
|''mařích'' ||''mařöü''
|''maříh'' ||''mařű''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''agněj'' ||''agněbh''
|''agní'' ||''agněbh''
|''matěj'' ||''matěbh''
|''matí'' ||''matěbh''
|''mařej'' ||''mařebh''
|''maří'' ||''mařebh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''agni'' ||''agních''
|''agni'' ||''agníh''
|''mati'' || ''matěch''
|''mati'' || ''matěh''
|''mař'' ||''maří''
|''mař'' ||''maří''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''agněný'' ||''agněbhi''
|''agněný'' ||''agněhi''
|''matijá'' ||''matěbhi''
|''matija̋'' ||''matěhi''
|''mařený'' || ''mařebhi''
|''mařený'' || ''mařehi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''agněmi'' ||''agníš''
|''agněmi'' ||''agníš''
|''maťí, matěší'' ||''matíš''
|''matí, matěší'' ||''matíš''
|''mařemi'' ||''maříš''
|''mařemi'' ||''maříš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''agně!'' ||''agní!''
|''agně!'' ||''agní!''
|''maťi!'' ||''matěch!''
|''mati!'' ||''matěh!''
|''maře!'' ||''maří!''
|''maře!'' ||''maří!''
|}
|}
Line 175: Line 168:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''patní'' ||''patních''
|''patní'' ||''patníh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''patních'' ||''patnijöü''
|''patních'' ||''patňű''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
Line 184: Line 177:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''patní'' ||''patních''
|''patní'' ||''patníh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''patnijá'' ||''patníbhi''
|''patnija̋'' ||''patníhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
Line 193: Line 186:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''patní!'' ||''patních!''
|''patní!'' ||''patníh!''
|}
|}


Line 201: Line 194:
!
!
! colspan=2| ''výju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=2| ''výju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=2| ''žöüštú'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=2| ''žőštou'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=2| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
! colspan=2| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
|-
|-
Line 214: Line 207:
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''výju'' ||''výjavý''
|''výju'' ||''výjavý''
|''žöüštú''  ||''žöüštavech''
|''žőštou''  ||''žőštaveh''
|''medhu'' ||  ''medhú''
|''medhu'' ||  ''medhou''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''výjöüch'' ||''výjavöü''
|''výjűh'' ||''výjavő''
|''žöüštöüch'' ||''žöüštavöü''
|''žőštőh'' ||''žőštavő''
|''medhöüch'' ||''medhavöü''
|''medhőh'' ||''medhavő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''výjavej'' ||''výjubh''
|''výjavé'' ||''výjubh''
|''žöüštaváj'' ||''žöüštubh''
|''žőštava̋j'' ||''žőštubh''
|''medhavej'' ||''medhubh''
|''medhavé'' ||''medhubh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''výjú'' ||''výjúch''
|''výjou'' ||''výjouch''
|''žöüštú'' ||''žöüštúch''
|''žőštou'' ||''žőštouch''
|''medhu'' ||''medhú''
|''medhu'' ||''medhou''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''výjuný'' ||''výjubhi''
|''výjuný'' ||''výjuhi''
|''žöüštujá'' ||''žöüštubhi''
|''žőštuja̋'' ||''žőštuhi''
|''medhuný'' ||''medhubhi''
|''medhuný'' ||''medhuhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''výjumi'' ||''výjúš''
|''výjumi'' ||''výjouš''
|''žöüštavý, žöüštúší''  ||''žöüštúš''
|''žőštavý, žőštouší''  ||''žőštouš''
|''medhumi'' ||''medhúš''
|''medhumi'' ||''medhouš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''výjöü!'' ||''výjavý!''
|''výjű!'' ||''výjavý!''
|''žöüštöü!'' ||''žöüstavach!''
|''žőštő!'' ||''žőstavah!''
|''medhöü!'' ||''medhú!''
|''medhő!'' ||''medhou!''
|}
|}


Line 262: Line 255:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''žmenách'' ||''žmenöü''
|''žmena̋ch'' ||''žmenő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''žmenej''  ||''žmenabh''
|''žmené''  ||''žmenabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
Line 271: Line 264:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''žmenaný'' ||''žmenabhi''
|''žmenaný'' ||''žmenahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
Line 292: Line 285:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''vlamena''||''vlamená''
|''vlamena''||''vlamena̋''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''vlamenách'' ||''vlamenöü''
|''vlamena̋ch'' ||''vlamenő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''vlamenej'' ||''vlamenabh''
|''vlamené'' ||''vlamenabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''vlamena'' ||''vlamená''
|''vlamena'' ||''vlamena̋''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''vlamenaný'' ||''vlamenabhi''
|''vlamenaný'' ||''vlamenahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
Line 310: Line 303:
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''vlamena!'' ||''vlamená!''
|''vlamena!'' ||''vlamena̋!''
|}
|}


Line 317: Line 310:


=== Other athematics ===
=== Other athematics ===
Other athematics usually become of the regular o-stems or the i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, ''vrýž'' 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular ''i''-stem masculine noun.
Other athematics usually become regular o- or i-stems, depending on the final consonant. For example, ''vrýž'' 'king' (from *h₃rḗǵs) declines as a regular ''i''-stem masculine.


=== -ýr nouns ===
=== -ýr nouns ===
TODO: Family members ''patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, sún, duhatýr''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
|-
Line 335: Line 326:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''patrách'' ||''patröü''
|''patra̋ch'' ||''patrő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''patrej'' ||''patrabh''
|''patré'' ||''patrabh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''patra'' ||''patröüch''
|''patra'' ||''patrőch''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''patraný'' ||''patrabhi''
|''patraný'' ||''patrahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
Line 361: Line 352:
|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''smi, jsmi'' || ''sme, jsme''
| ''śmi'' || ''śme''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''si, jsi'' || ''ste, jste''  
| ''śi'' || ''śte''  
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| (zero) || (zero)
| ''jéch'' || ''śa̋''
|-
|-
|}
|}


= Late Prakrit =
= Late Prakrit =
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar; ou > ő shift is complete; u, ú > /y y:/ is complete
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar
== Nouns ==
== Nouns ==
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes.
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes.
Line 385: Line 376:
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''vrk'' || ''vrk-ol''
|''vrk'' || ''vrk-al''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''vrk-ach'' || ''vrk-ol-ach''
|''vrk-ach'' || ''vrk-al-ach''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Dative/Allative'''
|align="right"|'''Dative/Allative'''
|''vrk-pi'' || ''vrk-ol-pi''
|''vrk-pi'' || ''vrk-al-pi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Accusative'''
|align="right" |'''Accusative'''
|''vrk-ej'' || ''vrk-ol-ej''
|''vrk-ej'' || ''vrk-al-ej''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''vrk-any'' || ''vrk-ol-any''
|''vrk-any'' || ''vrk-al-any''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''vrk-ami'' || ''vrk-ol-ami''
|''vrk-ami'' || ''vrk-al-ami''
|}
|}
== Adjectives ==
== Adjectives ==
Adjectives don't agree for number and case anymore
Adjectives don't agree for number and case anymore


/ɕy:rt jɛʂv/ = good horse; /ɕy:rt dʐɛna/ = good wife; /ɕy:rt dʰɛnə/ = good child
/ɕy:ɐ̯t jiːf/ = good horse; /ɕy:ɐ̯t dʐɛnɛ/ = good wife; /ɕy:ɐ̯t dʰein/ = good child
 
== Copula ==
Present
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
!|
! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1st
| ''=(e)hem'' || ''=(e)hme''
|-
! 2nd
| ''=(e)si'' || ''=(e)ste''
|-
! 3rd
| (zero) || (zero)
|-
|}
IlL
138,726

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/227876...362860"