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|-
|-
! nom.
! nom.
| ''aha, a̋, ha, jech, ach'' || ''tú'' || ''sa'' || ''sa̋'' || ''tach'' || ''-''
| ''aha, a̋, ha, ah'' || ''tou'' || ''sa'' || ''sa̋'' || ''tah'' || ''-''
|-
|-
! acc.
! acc.
| ''me, mý'' || ''te, tý'' || ''ta'' || ''tő'' || ''tach'' || ''se, sý''
| ''me, mý'' || ''te, tý'' || ''ta'' || ''tő'' || ''tah'' || ''se, sý''
|-
|-
! gen.
! gen.
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|-
|-
! dat.
! dat.
| ''meži, mej'' || ''tebhi, tej'' || ''tamej'' || ''tašej, ta̋j'' || ''tamej'' || ''sebhi, sej''
| ''meži, mej'' || ''tehi, tej'' || ''tamej'' || ''tašej, ta̋j'' || ''tamej'' || ''sehi, sej''
|-
|-
! ins.
! ins.
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|-
|-
! loc.
! loc.
| ''maj, mami'' || ''tvaj, tvami'' || ''tami'' || ''taší'' || ''tami'' || ''svaj, svami''
| ''maj'' || ''tvaj'' || ''tami'' || ''taší'' || ''tami'' || ''svaj''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | case ||rowspan=2| 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || colspan="3" | 3pl.  
! rowspan=2 | case ||rowspan=2| 1pl. || rowspan=2 | 2pl. || colspan="3" | 3pl.  
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|-
|-
! nom.
! nom.
| ''véch'' || ''jích'' || ''sí'' || ''sech'' || ''ta̋''  
| ''véh'' || ''jíh'' || ''sí'' || ''seh'' || ''ta̋''  
|-
|-
! acc.
! acc.
| ''nas'' || ''jis'' || ''tőch'' || ''tech'' || ''ta̋''
| ''nas'' || ''jis'' || ''tőh'' || ''teh'' || ''ta̋''
|-
|-
! gen.
! gen.
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|-
|-
! ins.
! ins.
| ''nabhi'' || ''jibhi''|| ''týbhi'' || ''ta̋bhi'' || ''týbhi''  
| ''nahi'' || ''jihi''|| ''týhi'' || ''ta̋hi'' || ''týhi''  
|-
|-
! loc.
! loc.
| ''namýš'' || ''jimýš'' || ''týš'' || ''ta̋š'' || ''týš''  
| ''namýš'' || ''jimýš'' || ''týš'' || ''ta̋š'' || ''týš''  
|}
|}
Demonstratives: ši, ší, šich (distance-neutral)
Demonstratives: ši, ší, ših (distance-neutral)


Interrogative (determiner and pronőn): či, čí, čich
Interrogative (determiner and pronőn): či, čí, čih


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
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|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''vrk''||''vrký''
|''vrk''||''vrký''
|''lőšna̋''||''lőšnech''
|''lőšna̋''||''lőšneh''
|''őšta'' || ''őšta̋''
|''őšta'' || ''őšta̋''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''vrka̋ch'' ||''vrkő''
|''vrka̋h'' ||''vrkő''
|''lőšna̋ch'' ||''lőšnő''
|''lőšna̋h'' ||''lőšnő''
|''őšta̋ch'' ||''őštő''
|''őšta̋h'' ||''őštő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''vrka'' ||''vrkőch''
|''vrka'' ||''vrkőh''
|''lőšnő'' ||''lőšnech''
|''lőšnő'' ||''lőšneh''
|''őšta'' ||''őšta̋''
|''őšta'' ||''őšta̋''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''vrkaný'' ||''vrkabhi''
|''vrkaný'' ||''vrkahi''
|''lőšnaja̋'' ||''lőšna̋bhi''
|''lőšnaja̋'' ||''lőšna̋hi''
|''őštaný'' ||''őštabhi''
|''őštaný'' ||''őštahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
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|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''ageň'' ||''agní''
|''ageň'' ||''agní''
|''mať'' ||''matěch''
|''mať'' ||''matěh''
|''mař'' || ''maří''
|''mař'' || ''maří''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''agních'' ||''agňő''
|''agníh'' ||''agňű''
|''matích'' ||''maťő''
|''matíh'' ||''maťű''
|''mařích'' ||''mařő''
|''maříh'' ||''mařű''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''agněj'' ||''agněbh''
|''agní'' ||''agněbh''
|''matěj'' ||''matěbh''
|''matí'' ||''matěbh''
|''mařé'' ||''mařebh''
|''maří'' ||''mařebh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''agni'' ||''agních''
|''agni'' ||''agníh''
|''mati'' || ''matěch''
|''mati'' || ''matěh''
|''mař'' ||''maří''
|''mař'' ||''maří''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''agněný'' ||''agněbhi''
|''agněný'' ||''agněhi''
|''matija̋'' ||''matěbhi''
|''matija̋'' ||''matěhi''
|''mařený'' || ''mařebhi''
|''mařený'' || ''mařehi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''agněmi'' ||''agníš''
|''agněmi'' ||''agníš''
|''maťí, matěší'' ||''matíš''
|''matí, matěší'' ||''matíš''
|''mařemi'' ||''maříš''
|''mařemi'' ||''maříš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''agně!'' ||''agní!''
|''agně!'' ||''agní!''
|''maťi!'' ||''matěch!''
|''mati!'' ||''matěh!''
|''maře!'' ||''maří!''
|''maře!'' ||''maří!''
|}
|}
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''patní'' ||''patních''
|''patní'' ||''patníh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''patních'' ||''patnijő''
|''patních'' ||''patňű''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''patní'' ||''patních''
|''patní'' ||''patníh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''patnija̋'' ||''patníbhi''
|''patnija̋'' ||''patníhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
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|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''patní!'' ||''patních!''
|''patní!'' ||''patníh!''
|}
|}


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!
!
! colspan=2| ''výju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=2| ''výju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=2| ''žőštú'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=2| ''žőštou'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=2| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
! colspan=2| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
|-
|-
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|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''výju'' ||''výjavý''
|''výju'' ||''výjavý''
|''žőštú''  ||''žőštavech''
|''žőštou''  ||''žőštaveh''
|''medhu'' ||  ''medhú''
|''medhu'' ||  ''medhou''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''výjőch'' ||''výjavő''
|''výjűh'' ||''výjavő''
|''žőštőch'' ||''žőštavő''
|''žőštőh'' ||''žőštavő''
|''medhőch'' ||''medhavő''
|''medhőh'' ||''medhavő''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''výjú'' ||''výjúch''
|''výjou'' ||''výjouch''
|''žőštú'' ||''žőštúch''
|''žőštou'' ||''žőštouch''
|''medhu'' ||''medhú''
|''medhu'' ||''medhou''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''výjuný'' ||''výjubhi''
|''výjuný'' ||''výjuhi''
|''žőštuja̋'' ||''žőštubhi''
|''žőštuja̋'' ||''žőštuhi''
|''medhuný'' ||''medhubhi''
|''medhuný'' ||''medhuhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''výjumi'' ||''výjúš''
|''výjumi'' ||''výjouš''
|''žőštavý, žőštúší''  ||''žőštúš''
|''žőštavý, žőštouší''  ||''žőštouš''
|''medhumi'' ||''medhúš''
|''medhumi'' ||''medhouš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''výjő!'' ||''výjavý!''
|''výjű!'' ||''výjavý!''
|''žőštő!'' ||''žőstavach!''
|''žőštő!'' ||''žőstavah!''
|''medhő!'' ||''medhú!''
|''medhő!'' ||''medhou!''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''žmenaný'' ||''žmenabhi''
|''žmenaný'' ||''žmenahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''vlamenaný'' ||''vlamenabhi''
|''vlamenaný'' ||''vlamenahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''patraný'' ||''patrabhi''
|''patraný'' ||''patrahi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| ''smi, jsmi'' || ''sme, jsme''
| ''śmi'' || ''śme''
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| ''si, jsi'' || ''ste, jste''  
| ''śi'' || ''śte''  
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| (zero) || (zero)
| ''jéch'' || ''śa̋''
|-
|-
|}
|}


= Late Prakrit =
= Late Prakrit =
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar; ou > ő shift is complete; u, ú > /y y:/ is complete
Veering towards Altaic, topic prominent grammar
== Nouns ==
== Nouns ==
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes.
Old plural forms get displaced by old collective noun suffixes.
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