Indo-Semitic: Difference between revisions
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Indo-Semitic preserves the PSem dual and cases, unlike other Semitic languages. Notably, it shifted to a more agglutinative and head-final grammar. | Indo-Semitic preserves the PSem dual and cases, unlike other Semitic languages. Notably, it shifted the head-initial grammar of Proto-Semitic to a more agglutinative and head-final grammar. | ||
==Nouns== | ==Nouns== | ||
Nouns have two genders, three numbers (the dual was retained from Proto-Semitic), and 8 to 10 cases depending on the dialect. The nominative, accusative and genitive were inherited from Proto-Semitic, and additional cases were formed by suffixing inflected pronouns (for example, ''beetilu'' 'the house (dative)' from ''*bayti-lahu'' 'the house (gen), for it'). | Nouns have two genders, three numbers (the dual was retained from Proto-Semitic), and 8 to 10 cases depending on the dialect. The nominative, accusative and genitive were inherited from Proto-Semitic, and additional cases were formed by suffixing inflected pronouns (for example, ''beetilu'' 'the house (dative)' from ''*bayti-lahu'' 'the house (gen), for it'). | ||
Revision as of 18:00, 3 August 2019
Indo-Semitic preserves the PSem dual and cases, unlike other Semitic languages. Notably, it shifted the head-initial grammar of Proto-Semitic to a more agglutinative and head-final grammar.
Nouns
Nouns have two genders, three numbers (the dual was retained from Proto-Semitic), and 8 to 10 cases depending on the dialect. The nominative, accusative and genitive were inherited from Proto-Semitic, and additional cases were formed by suffixing inflected pronouns (for example, beetilu 'the house (dative)' from *bayti-lahu 'the house (gen), for it').
The construct state was lost.
The cases are:
- nominative
- accusative
- genitive
- dative
- lative~instrumental
- locative
- ablative
- superessive
Masculine nouns: beet 'house'
- nom beet, beetaam, beetuum
- acc beeta, beetama, beetima
- gen beeti, beetami, beetiimi
- dat beetilu, beetallan, beetillen
- lat/ins beetinu, beetannan, beetinnun
- loc beetibu, beetabban, beetibbun
- abl beetiminu, beetamminan, beetimminun
- sup beetileu, beetallehan, beetillehun
Feminine nouns: šarrat 'queen'
- nom šarrat, šarrataam, šarraat
- acc šarrata, šarratama, šarraata
- gen šarrati, šarratami, šarraati
- dat šarratila, šarratallan, šarraatillun
- lat/ins šarratina, šarratannan, šarraatinnun
- loc šarratiba, šarratabban, šarraatibbun
- abl šarratimina, šarratamminan, šarraatimminun
- sup šarratilia, šarratallehan, šarraatillehun
-naft = emphatic