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Is Burunking: Difference between revisions
→Primary Verbs
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====Primary Verbs==== | ====Primary Verbs==== | ||
Primary verbs consist of a prefix and a root. In the | Primary verbs consist of a prefix and a root. In the base form of the verb, the prefix is ''e-, i-'' or ''y-'' and bears no particular meaning. The following are the main primary verbs: | ||
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| ''yus'' || move away, leave, go away | | ''yus'' || move away, leave, go away | ||
|} | |||
The base prefix is lost in composition, e.g. ''yipupush'' "touch, feel" < ''yipu + ipush''. It may be replaced by ''era-'' (''ra-'' in composition) to indicate a causative, e.g. ''eralu'' "cause to die, kill". An intensive or frequentative sense is obtained by reduplicating all or part of the root, e.g. ''yangang'' "devour", ''etotoz'' "rush towards". | |||
====Secondary Verbs==== | |||
Secondary forms make up the vast majority of verb forms in Is Burunking. They may be composed of a primary verb preceded by a noun, adjective, adverb or another primary verb. | |||
====Conjugation==== | |||
Verbs are conjugated according to tense, mood and transitivity by means of particles that follow the main verb. Verbs may be transitive or intransitive; they may be indicative, hypothetical or imperative; and they may be past or present. Verbs are not marked for either person or number. | |||
There are two sets of particles: ''da'' particles are used with intransitive verbs and ''zu'' particles with transitive and causative verbs. The choice of ''da'' or ''zu'' is semantically motivated, so that a single verb form can take either depending on the sense intended, e.g. ''iluaz da'' "spreads (itself) out" vs. ''iluaz zu'' "spreads, scatters". | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Function !! Intransitive !! Transitive | |||
|- | |||
| Present || ''da ''|| ''zu'' | |||
|- | |||
| Past || ''heng'' || ''fong'' | |||
|- | |||
| Hypothetical || ''li'' || ''lu'' | |||
|- | |||
| Imperative || ''bii'' || ''byo'' | |||
|} | |} | ||