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→‎Phonotactics

Psammead

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 * Syllables could end with single ''l, r, n, s'' or complex ''ls, rs, ns''.
-Several early processes changed this situation:
+===Chronology of Changes===
-* Initial ''sp, sk, st'' and final ''ps, ks, ts'' became ''z'' [s] while ''s'' was [s̟].
+* '''Initial Cluster simplification:''' initial ''sp, sk, st'' became ''s'' [s] while earlier ''s'' > ''sh'.
-* ''h'' was lost leading to the development of long vowels and diphthongs. This initially appears to have occurred between a non-high vowel and a high vowel, leading to the development of ''ai, au, ei, eu, oi'' which were later monophthongised. After ''lh, nh, rh'' became ''ll, nn, rr''.
+** New ''s'' also develops after final ''l, n, r''.
-* The syllable-final consonants ''l, n, r, s, z'' altered in word-final and pre-consonantal position, becoming ''i, ng, z, sh, s'' in the former and ''u, n, -, i, -'' in the latter.
+* '''''P'' becomes ''f'''''
+* '''H-loss:''' occurred in the following stages:
+** initially, leading to word-initial vowels (e.g. ''ha-'' > ''a-'')
+** after ''l, n, r'' which became ''L, N, R''
+** medially, giving rise to new long vowels and diphthongs:
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+|-
+! width="50px;" | !! width="100px;" |  ha !! width="100px;" | he !! width="100px;" |  hi !! width="100px;" |  hu !! width="100px;" |  hu
+|-
+! a
+| aa > a || ae > ee > e || ai || ao > oo > o || au
+|-
+! e
+| ea > aa > a || ee > e || ei || eo > oo > o || eu
+|-
+! i
+| ya || ye || ii > i || yo || yu
+|-
+! o
+| oa > aa > a || oe > ee > e || oi || oo > o || ou
+|-
+! u
+| ua || ue || ui || uo || uu > u
+|}
+* '''Fortition of final consonants:''' ''l > L, n > N, r > R,'' (merging with existing ''L, N, R < lh, nh, rh''), and ''s > ts, s > tsh''
+** Strong consonants are retained in derived words between vowels but return to their weak counterparts before consonants
+* '''Changes to diphthongs:''' following the reduction of earlier long vowels, diphthongs become long vowels and then diphthongs:
+** ''ai > ɛː > ya''
+** ''au > ɔː > ua''
+** ''ei > eː > ye''
+** ''eu, ou > oː > ue''
+** ''oi > øː > yo''
+* '''Elimination of final clusters:'''
+** ''l'' is vocalised to ''u'' before all consonants leading to new diphthongs ''au, eu, yu, ou'' and long ''uu'', so ''Vlts > Vuts''
+** ''nts'' becomes ''ts''
+** ''rts'' becomes ''rVts''
+*** elsewhere within a root, ''rC'' > ''rVC'' (e.g. ''erdi > eredi'').
+* '''Vowel Raising:''' ''i'' and ''u'' raise ''a, e, o'' to ''e/o, i, u'' in a preceding vowel. This process is regressive so a new ''i'' or ''u'' raises the preceding vowel again, e.g. '' eredi > eridi > iridi''.
+* '''Lenition of medial ''s, sh'' to ''h, x'' and ''ts, tsh'' to ''s, sh'''''.
+** This creates new diphthongs and long vowels as ''VhC, VxC'' become ''VVC, ViC''.
+* '''N, L, R''' become ''ng, ɮ, ʐ'' then ''ng, i, z''.
+* '''Labialisation and Palatalization:'''
+** ''k, g, t, d'' become ''p, b, s, z'' before ''u''.
+** ''t, d, s'' become ''ch, j, sh'' before ''i, y''.
+* '''Vowel Lowering:''' an ''a'' causes a preceding ''i, u'' to become ''e, o'', except where it is blocked by an intervening semivowel.
+Vowel affection:
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+|-
+! width="50px;" | !! width="100px;" |  _a !! width="100px;" | _i !! width="100px;" | _u
+|-
+! a
+| || e || o
+|-
+! e
+| || i ||
+|-
+! i
+| e || ||
+|-
+! o
+| || u || u
+|-
+! u
+| o || ||
+|-
+|}
 ====New Vowels====