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Revision as of 23:59, 25 February 2022

3,573 bytes added ,  25 February 2022
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→‎First Person
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====First Person====
====Simple Nominals====
=====First Person=====
First person nominals are all definite and animate.
First person nominals are all definite and animate.


::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| || ICS Sg. || ICS. Pl. || ACS Sg. || ACS. Pl.
| || Singular<br />Accessible || Singular<br />Inaccessible || Plural<br />Accessible || Plural<br />Inaccessible
|-
|-
| Nominative || '''nu''' || '''inu''' || '''na''' || '''ina'''
| Subjective || '''na''' || '''nu''' || '''ina''' || '''inu'''
|-
|-
| Accusative || '''ni''' || '''ini''' || '''ne''' || '''ine'''
| Objective || '''ne''' || '''ni''' || '''ine''' || '''ini'''
|-
|-
| Dative || '''eni''' || '''ieni''' || '''ene''' || '''iene'''
| Topical || '''ene''' || '''eni''' || '''eine''' || '''eini'''
|-
|-
| Ablative || '''nui''' || '''inui''' || '''nai''' || '''inai'''
| Genitive || '''une''' || '''uni''' || '''uine''' || '''uini'''
|-
|-
| Locative || '''nua''' || '''inua''' || '''ana''' || '''iana'''
| Possessive || '''una''' || '''unu''' || '''uina''' || '''uinu'''
|-
|-
| Genitive || '''uni''' || '''iuni''' || '''une''' || '''iune'''
| Allative || '''hune''' || '''huni''' || '''huine''' || '''huini'''
|-
|-
| Possessive || '''unu''' || '''iunu''' || '''una''' || '''iuna'''
| Ablative || '''nai''' || '''nui''' || '''inai''' || '''inui'''
|-
|-
| Vocative || '''enu''' || '''einu''' || '''ena''' || '''eina'''  
| Locative || '''ana''' || '''nua''' || '''aina''' || '''inua'''
|-
|-
| Causal || '''teni''' || '''teini''' || '''tene''' || '''teine'''
| Vocative || '''ena''' || '''enu''' || '''eina''' || '''einu'''  
|-
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuani''' || '''kuaini''' || '''kuane''' || '''kuaine'''  
| Causal || '''tene''' || '''teni''' || '''teine''' || '''teini'''
|-
|-
| Instrumental || '''ani''' || '''aini''' || '''ane''' || '''aine'''
| Benefactive || '''kuane''' || '''kuani''' || '''kuaine''' || '''kuaini'''  
|-
|-
| Comitative || '''leni''' || '''leini''' || '''lene''' || '''leine'''
| Instrumental || '''ane''' || '''ani''' || '''aine''' || '''aini'''
|-
|-
| Topical || '''veni''' || '''veini''' || '''vene''' || '''veine'''
| Comitative || '''lene''' || '''leni''' || '''leine''' || '''leini'''
|-
|-
| Essive || '''onu''' || '''oinu''' || '''ona''' || '''oina'''  
| Essive || '''ona''' || '''onu''' || '''oina''' || '''oinu'''
|-
| Abessive || '''xuane''' || '''xuani''' || '''xuaine''' || '''xuaini'''  
|}
|}


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::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| || ICS.SG || ICS:PL || ACS.SG || ACS.PL
| || Singular<br />Accessible || Singular<br />Inaccessible || Plural<br />Accessible || Plural<br />Inaccessible
|-
| Subjective || '''ua''' || '''vu''' || '''iua''' || '''ivu'''
|-
|-
| Nominative || '''vu''' || '''ivu''' || '''ua''' || '''iua'''
| Objective || '''ue''' || '''ui''' || '''iue''' || '''iui'''
|-
|-
| Accusative || '''ui''' || '''iui''' || '''ue''' || '''iue'''
| Topical || '''eue''' || '''eui''' || '''eiue''' || '''eiui'''
|-
|-
| Dative || '''eui''' || '''ieui''' || '''eue''' || '''ieue'''
| Genitive || '''uue''' || '''uue''' || '''uiue''' || '''uiui'''
|-
|-
| Ablative || '''vui''' || '''ivui''' || '''uai''' || '''iuai'''
| Possessive || '''uua''' || '''uvu''' || '''uiua''' || '''uivu'''
|-
|-
| Locative || '''vua''' || '''ivua''' || '''aua''' || '''iaua'''
| Allative || '''huue''' || '''huui''' || '''huiue''' || '''huiui'''
|-
|-
| Genitive || '''uui''' || '''iuui''' || '''uue''' || '''iuue'''
| Ablative || '''uai''' || '''vui''' || '''iuai''' || '''ivui'''  
|-
|-
| Possessive || '''uvu''' || '''iuvu''' || '''uua''' || '''iuua'''
| Locative || '''aua''' || '''vua''' || '''aiua''' || '''ivua'''  
|-
|-
| Vocative || '''evu''' || '''eivu''' || '''eua''' || '''eiua'''  
| Vocative || '''eua''' || '''evu''' || '''eiua''' || '''eivu'''  
|-
|-
| Causal || '''teui''' || '''teiui''' || '''teue''' || '''teiue'''
| Causal || '''teue''' || '''teui''' || '''teiue''' || '''teiui'''
|-
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuaui''' || '''kuaiui''' || '''kuaue''' || '''kuaiue'''  
| Benefactive || '''kuaue''' || '''kuaui''' || '''kuaiue''' || '''kuaiui'''  
|-
|-
| Instrumental || '''aui''' || '''aiui''' || '''aue''' || '''aiue'''
| Instrumental || '''aue''' || '''aui''' || '''aiue''' || '''aiui'''
|-
|-
| Comitative || '''leui''' || '''leiui''' || '''leue''' || '''leiue'''
| Comitative || '''leue''' || '''leui''' || '''leiue''' || '''leiui'''
|-
|-
| Topical || '''veui''' || '''veiui''' || '''veue''' || '''veiue'''
| Essive || '''oua''' || '''ovu''' || '''oiua''' || '''oivu'''
|-
|-
| Essive || '''ovu''' || '''oivu''' || '''oua''' || '''oiua'''  
| Abessive || '''xuaue''' || '''xuaui''' || '''xuaiue''' || '''xuaiui'''  
|}
|}


=====Third Person Animate=====
::'''Definite'''
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
| || Singular<br />Accessible || Singular<br />Inaccessible || Plural<br />Accessible || Plural<br />Inaccessible
|-
| Subjective || '''ja''' || '''ju''' || '''ija''' || '''iju'''
|-
| Objective || '''je''' || '''ji''' || '''ije''' || '''iji'''
|-
| Topical || '''eje''' || '''eji''' || '''eije''' || '''eiji'''
|-
| Genitive || '''uje''' || '''uji''' || '''uije''' || '''uiji'''
|-
| Possessive || '''uja''' || '''uju''' || '''uija''' || '''uiju'''
|-
| Allative || '''huje''' || '''huji''' || '''huije''' || '''huiji'''
|-
| Ablative || '''jai''' || '''jui''' || '''ijai''' || '''ijui'''
|-
| Locative || '''aja''' || '''jua''' || '''aija''' || '''ijua'''
|-
| Vocative || '''eja''' || '''eju''' || '''eija''' || '''eiju'''
|-
| Causal || '''teje''' || '''teji''' || '''teije''' || '''teiji'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuaje''' || '''kuaji''' || '''kuaije''' || '''kuaiji'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''aje''' || '''aji''' || '''aije''' || '''aiji'''
|-
| Comitative || '''leje''' || '''leji''' || '''leije''' || '''leiji'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''oja''' || '''oju''' || '''oija''' || '''oiju'''
|-
| Abessive || '''xuaje''' || '''xuaji''' || '''xuaije''' || '''xuaiji'''
|}
::'''Indefinite, Specific'''
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
| || Singular<br />Accessible || Singular<br />Inaccessible || Plural<br />Accessible || Plural<br />Inaccessible
|-
| Subjective || '''ma''' || '''mu''' || '''ima''' || '''imu'''
|-
| Objective || '''me''' || '''mi''' || '''ime''' || '''imi'''
|-
| Topical || '''eme''' || '''emi''' || '''eime''' || '''eimi'''
|-
| Genitive || '''ume''' || '''umi''' || '''uime''' || '''uimi'''
|-
| Possessive || '''uma''' || '''umu''' || '''uima''' || '''uimu'''
|-
| Allative || '''hume''' || '''humi''' || '''huime''' || '''huimi'''
|-
| Ablative || '''mai''' || '''mui''' || '''imai''' || '''imui'''
|-
| Locative || '''ama''' || '''mua''' || '''aima''' || '''imua'''
|-
| Vocative || '''ema''' || '''emu''' || '''eima''' || '''eimu'''
|-
| Causal || '''teme''' || '''temi''' || '''teime''' || '''teimi'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuame''' || '''kuami''' || '''kuaime''' || '''kuaimi'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''ame''' || '''ami''' || '''aime''' || '''aimi'''
|-
| Comitative || '''leme''' || '''lemi''' || '''leime''' || '''leimi'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''oma''' || '''omu''' || '''oima''' || '''oimu'''
|-
| Abessive || '''xuame''' || '''xuami''' || '''xuaime''' || '''xuaimi'''
|}
::'''Indefinite, Non-Specific (General)'''
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
| || Singular || Plural
|-
| Subjective || '''u''' || '''iu'''
|-
| Objective || '''i''' || '''iri'''
|-
| Topical || '''eri''' || '''eiri'''
|-
| Genitive || '''uri''' || '''uiri'''
|-
| Possessive || '''uru''' || '''uiu'''
|-
| Allative || '''hui''' || '''huiri'''
|-
| Ablative || '''ui''' || '''iui'''
|-
| Locative || '''aru''' || '''aiu'''
|-
| Vocative || '''eru''' || '''eiu'''
|-
| Causal || '''teri''' || '''teiri'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuari''' || '''kuairi'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''ari''' || '''airi'''
|-
| Comitative || '''leri''' || '''leiri'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''oru''' || '''oiu'''
|-
| Abessive || '''xuari''' || '''xuairi'''
|}
=====Third Person Inanimate=====
::'''Definite'''
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
| || Singular<br />Unmarked || Singular<br />Dangerous || Plural<br />Unmarked || Plural<br />Dangerous
|-
| Subjective || '''xu''' || '''bu''' || '''ixu''' || '''ibu'''
|-
| Objective || '''xi''' || '''biu''' || '''ixi''' || '''ibiu'''
|-
| Topical || '''exi''' || '''ebiu''' || '''eixi''' || '''eibiu'''
|-
| Genitive || '''uxi''' || '''ubiu''' || '''uixi''' || '''uibiu'''
|-
| Possessive || '''uxu''' || '''ubu''' || '''uixu''' || '''uibu'''
|-
| Allative || '''huxi''' || '''hubiu''' || '''huixi''' || '''huibiu'''
|-
| Ablative || '''xui''' || '''bui''' || '''ixui''' || '''ibui'''
|-
| Locative || '''xua''' || '''bua''' || '''ixua''' || '''ibua'''
|-
| Vocative || '''exu''' || '''ebu''' || '''eixu''' || '''eibu'''
|-
| Causal || '''texi''' || '''tebiu''' || '''teixi''' || '''teibiu'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuaxi''' || '''kuabiu''' || '''kuaixi''' || '''kuaibiu'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''axi''' || '''abiu''' || '''aixi''' || '''aibiu'''
|-
| Comitative || '''lexi''' || '''lebiu''' || '''leixi''' || '''leibiu'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''oxu''' || '''obu''' || '''oixu''' || '''oibu'''
|-
| Abessive || '''xuaxi''' || '''xuabiu''' || '''xuaixi''' || '''xuaibiu'''
|}
::'''Indefinite, Specific'''
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
| || Singular<br />Unmarked || Singular<br />Dangerous || Plural<br />Unmarked || Plural<br />Dangerous
|-
| Subjective || '''zu''' || '''tu''' || '''izu''' || '''itu'''
|-
| Objective || '''zi''' || '''tiu''' || '''izi''' || '''itiu'''
|-
| Topical || '''ezi''' || '''etiu''' || '''eizi''' || '''eitiu'''
|-
| Genitive || '''uzi''' || '''utiu''' || '''uizi''' || '''uitiu'''
|-
| Possessive || '''uzu''' || '''utu''' || '''uizu''' || '''uitu'''
|-
| Allative || '''huzi''' || '''hutiu''' || '''huizi''' || '''huitiu'''
|-
| Ablative || '''zui''' || '''tui''' || '''izui''' || '''itui'''
|-
| Locative || '''zua''' || '''tua''' || '''izua''' || '''itua'''
|-
| Vocative || '''ezu''' || '''etu''' || '''eizu''' || '''eitu'''
|-
| Causal || '''tezi''' || '''tetiu''' || '''teizi''' || '''teitiu'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuazi''' || '''kuatiu''' || '''kuaizi''' || '''kuaitiu'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''azi''' || '''atiu''' || '''aizi''' || '''aitiu'''
|-
| Comitative || '''lezi''' || '''letiu''' || '''leizi''' || '''leitiu'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''ozu''' || '''otu''' || '''oizu''' || '''oitu'''
|-
| Abessive || '''xuazi''' || '''xuatiu''' || '''xuaizi''' || '''xuaitiu'''
|}
::'''Indefinite, Non-Specific (General)'''
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
| || Singular<br />Unmarked || Singular<br />Dangerous || Plural<br />Unmarked || Plural<br />Dangerous
|-
| Subjective || '''a''' || '''au''' || '''ia''' || '''iau'''
|-
| Objective || '''e''' || '''eu''' || '''ie''' || '''ieu'''
|-
| Topical || '''ere''' || '''eu''' || '''eie''' || '''eieu'''
|-
| Genitive || '''ure''' || '''ureu''' || '''uie''' || '''uieu'''
|-
| Possessive || '''ura''' || '''urau''' || '''uia''' || '''uiau'''
|-
| Allative || '''hue''' || '''hueu''' || '''huie''' || '''huieu'''
|-
| Ablative || '''ai''' || '''aui''' || '''iai''' || '''iaui'''
|-
| Locative || '''ara''' || '''arau''' || '''aia''' || '''aiau'''
|-
| Vocative || '''era''' || '''erau''' || '''eia''' || '''eiau'''
|-
| Causal || '''tere''' || '''tereu''' || '''teie''' || '''teieu'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuare''' || '''kuareu''' || '''kuaie''' || '''kuaieu'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''are''' || '''areu''' || '''aie''' || '''aieu'''
|-
| Comitative || '''lere''' || '''lereu''' || '''leie''' || '''leieu'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''ora''' || '''orau''' || '''oia''' || '''oiau'''
|-
| Abessive || '''xuare''' || '''xuareu''' || '''xuaie''' || '''xuaieu'''
|}
====Compound Nominals====
=====Second Person + First Person (First Person Inclusive)=====
=====Second Person + First Person (First Person Inclusive)=====
First person inclusive nominals are all definite and animate. Because of the combination of first and second persons into a single word, the four stances, ''accessible'', ''inaccessible'', ''dominant'', ''submissive'' are represented within single words.
First person inclusive nominals are all definite and animate. Because of the combination of first and second persons into a single word, the four stances, ''accessible'', ''inaccessible'', ''dominant'', ''submissive'' are represented within single words.
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{| cellpadding="2"
{| cellpadding="2"
||  
||  
|| ICS.DU
|| Dual<br />Inaccessible
|| ACS.DU
|| Dual<br />Accessible
|| DOM.DU
|| Dual<br />Dominant
|| SUB.DU
|| Dual<br />Subordinant
|| ICS.PL
|| Plural<br />Inaccessible
|| ACS.PL
|| Plural<br />Accessible
|| DOM.PL
|| Plural<br />Dominant
|| SUB.PL
|| Plural<br />Subordinant
|-
|-
|| Nominative
|| Subjective
| style="font-weight:bold;" | vunu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | vunu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uana
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | ivuna
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ivuna
|-
|-
|| Accusative
|| Objective
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uene
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| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuine
|-
|-
|| Dative
|| Topical
| style="font-weight:bold;" | euini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | euini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | euene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | euene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | eueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | eueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | euine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | euine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ieuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | eiuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ieuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | eiuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ieueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | eiueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ieuine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | eiuine
|-
|| Genitive
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uiuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uiuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uiueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uiuine
|-
|| Possessive
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uvunu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuanu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uvuna
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uivunu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uiuana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uiuanu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uivuna
|-
|| Allative
| style="font-weight:bold;" | huuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | huuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | huueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | huuine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | huiuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | huiuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | huiueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | huiuine
|-
|-
|| Ablative
|| Ablative
Line 312: Line 565:
| style="font-weight:bold;" | vuana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | vuana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ivuanua
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ivuanua
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iauana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | aiuana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iauanua
| style="font-weight:bold;" | aiuanua
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ivuana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | ivuana
|-
|| Genitive
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuuine
|-
|| Possessive
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uvunu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uuanu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | uvuna
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuvunu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuuana
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuuanu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | iuvuna
|-
|-
|| Vocative
|| Vocative
Line 385: Line 618:
| style="font-weight:bold;" | leiueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | leiueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | leiuine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | leiuine
|-
|| Topical
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veuine
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veiuini
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veiuene
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veiueni
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veiuine
|-
|-
|| Essive
|| Essive
Line 405: Line 628:
| style="font-weight:bold;" | oiuanu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | oiuanu
| style="font-weight:bold;" | oivuna
| style="font-weight:bold;" | oivuna
|}
=====Third Person=====
::'''Definite'''
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| || ICS Sg. || ICS. Pl. || ACS Sg. || ACS. Pl. || Inan. Sg. || Inan. Pl.
|| Abessive
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veuini
| Nominative || '''ju''' || '''iju''' || '''ja''' || '''ija''' || '''xu''' || '''ixu'''
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veuene
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veueni
| Accusative || '''ji''' || '''iji''' || '''je''' || '''ije''' || '''xi''' || '''ixi'''
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veuine
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veiuini
| Dative || '''eji''' || '''ieji''' || '''eje''' || '''ieje''' || '''exi''' || '''iexi'''
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veiuene
|-
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veiueni
| Ablative || '''jui''' || '''ijui''' || '''jai''' || '''ijai''' || '''xui''' || '''ixui'''
| style="font-weight:bold;" | veiuine
|-
| Locative || '''jua''' || '''ijua''' || '''aja''' || '''iaja''' || '''xua''' || '''ixua'''
|-
| Genitive || '''uji''' || '''iuji''' || '''uje''' || '''iuje''' || '''uxi''' || '''iuxi'''
|-
| Possessive || '''uju''' || '''iuju''' || '''uja''' || '''iuja''' || '''*uxu''' || '''*iuxu'''
|-
| Vocative || '''eju''' || '''eiju''' || '''eja''' || '''eija''' || '''exu''' || '''eixu'''
|-
| Causal || '''teji''' || '''teiji''' || '''teje''' || '''teije''' || '''texi''' || '''teixi'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuaji''' || '''kuaiji''' || '''kuaje''' || '''kuaije''' || '''kuaxi''' || '''kuaixi'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''aji''' || '''aiji''' || '''aje''' || '''aije''' || '''axi''' || '''aixi'''
|-
| Comitative || '''leji''' || '''leiji''' || '''leje''' || '''leije''' || '''lexi''' || '''leixi'''
|-
| Topical || '''veji''' || '''veiji''' || '''veje''' || '''veije''' || '''vexi''' || '''veixi'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''oju''' || '''oiju''' || '''oja''' || '''oija''' || '''oxu''' || '''oixu''' 
|}
|}
: *rare, theoretical


::'''Indefinite, Specific'''
====Complementisers====
::{| cellpadding="2"
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
|-
| || ICS Sg. || ICS. Pl. || ACS Sg. || ACS. Pl. || Inan. Sg. || Inan. Pl.
| ||"that" || rough translation || "the time that" || rough translation
|-
|-
| Nominative || '''mu''' || '''imu''' || '''ma''' || '''ima''' || '''zu''' || '''izu'''
| Subjective || '''zuo''' || 'that' || '''kuo''' || 'the time when'
|-
|-
| Accusative || '''mi''' || '''imi''' || '''me''' || '''ime''' || '''zi''' || '''izi'''
| Objective || '''jo''' || 'that'; || '''kio''' || 'the time when'
|-
|-
| Dative || '''emi''' || '''iemi''' || '''eme''' || '''ieme''' || '''ezi''' || '''iezi'''
| Topical || '''ejo''' || 'about the fact that' || '''ekio''' || 'about the time when'
|-
|-
| Ablative || '''mui''' || '''imui''' || '''mai''' || '''imai''' || '''zui''' || '''izui'''
| Genitive || '''ujo''' ||  || '''ukio''' ||
|-
| Locative || '''mua''' || '''imua''' || '''ama''' || '''iama''' || '''zua''' || '''izua'''
|-
| Genitive || '''umi''' || '''iumi''' || '''ume''' || '''iume''' || '''uzi''' || '''iuzi'''
|-
| Possessive || '''umu''' || '''iumu''' || '''uma''' || '''iuma''' || '''*uzu''' || '''*iuzu'''
|-
| Vocative || '''emu''' || '''eimu''' || '''ema''' || '''eima''' || '''ezu''' || '''eizu'''
|-
| Causal || '''temi''' || '''teimi''' || '''teme''' || '''teime''' || '''tezi''' || '''teizi'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuami''' || '''kuaimi''' || '''kuame''' || '''kuaime''' || '''kuazi''' || '''kuaizi'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''ami''' || '''aimi''' || '''ame''' || '''aime''' || '''azi''' || '''aizi'''
|-
| Comitative || '''lemi''' || '''leimi''' || '''leme''' || '''leime''' || '''lezi''' || '''leizi'''
|-
| Topical || '''vemi''' || '''veimi''' || '''veme''' || '''veime''' || '''vezi''' || '''veizi'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''omu''' || '''oimu''' || '''oma''' || '''oima''' || '''ozu''' || '''oizu''' 
|}
: *rare, theoretical
 
::'''Indefinite, Non-Specific (General)'''
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
| || ANIM Sg. || ANIM Pl. || INAN Sg. || INAN Pl.
|-
| Nominative || '''u''' || '''iu''' || '''a''' || '''ia'''
|-
| Accusative || '''i''' || '''iri''' || '''e''' || '''ie'''
|-
| Dative || '''eri''' || '''ieri''' || '''ere''' || '''iere'''
|-
| Ablative || '''ui''' || '''iui''' || '''ai''' || '''iai'''
|-
| Locative || '''aru''' || '''iaru''' || '''ara''' || '''iara'''
|-
| Genitive || '''uri''' || '''iuri''' || '''ure''' || '''iure'''
|-
| Possessive || '''uru''' || '''iuru''' || '''ura'''* || '''iura'''*
|-
| Vocative || '''eru''' || '''eiu''' || '''era''' || '''eia'''
|-
| Causal || '''teri''' || '''teiri''' || '''tere''' || '''teie'''
|-
| Benefactive || '''kuari''' || '''kuairi''' || '''kuare''' || '''kuaie'''
|-
| Instrumental || '''ari''' || '''airi''' || '''are''' || '''aie'''
|-
| Comitative || '''leri''' || '''leiri''' || '''lere''' || '''leie'''
|-
| Topical || '''veri''' || '''veiri''' || '''vere''' || '''veie'''
|-
| Essive ||  '''oru''' || '''oiu''' || '''ora''' || '''oia'''
|}
: *rare, theoretical
 
=====Complementisers=====
::{| cellpadding="2"
|-
| ||"that" || rough translation || "the time that" || rough translation
|-
| Nominative || '''zuo''' || 'that' || '''kuo''' || 'the time when'
|-
|-
| Accusative || '''jo''' || 'that' || '''kio''' || 'the time when'
| Possessive || '''uzuo''' || || '''ukuo''' ||  
|-
|-
| Dative || '''ejo''' || 'to the place where' || '''ekio''' || 'until'
| Allative || '''hujo''' || 'to the place where' || '''hukio''' || 'until'
|-
|-
| Ablative || '''zuio''' || 'from the place where' || '''kuio''' || 'since', 'after'
| Ablative || '''zuio''' || 'from the place where' || '''kuio''' || 'since', 'after'
|-
|-
| Locative || '''azuo''' || 'in the place where' || '''akuo''' || 'when'   
| Locative || '''azuo''' || 'in the place where' || '''akuo''' || 'when'   
|-
| Genitive || '''ujo''' ||  || '''ukio''' ||
|-
| Possessive || *'''uzuo''' ||  || *'''ukuo''' ||
|-
|-
| Vocative || '''ezuo''' || 'if only' || '''ekuo''' ||  
| Vocative || '''ezuo''' || 'if only' || '''ekuo''' ||  
Line 542: Line 671:
| Comitative || '''lejo''' || 'while' || '''lekio''' ||
| Comitative || '''lejo''' || 'while' || '''lekio''' ||
|-
|-
| Topical || '''vejo''' || 'about V-ing' || '''vekio''' || 'about the time when'
| Essive || '''ozuo''' || 'like' || '''okuo''' ||
|-
|-
| Essive || '''ozuo''' || 'like' || '''okuo''' ||
| Abessive || '''xuajo''' || 'without V-ing' || '''xuakio''' ||
|}
|}
::<nowiki>*</nowiki> theoretical
Imralu
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