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Karnišna: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Carnian verbs are much like those in other Slavic languages, especially Slovene. Verbs conjugate according to number, person, tense and mood, and impersonal forms also for gender. There are two aspects: perfective and imperfective - each verb is inhenrently one or the other, with some verbs being both, and aspects can be changed by adding a prefix, a suffix or just using a different verb. | |||
The verbal system is actually a rather interesting mix of Slavic and Romance conjugation patterns. Carnian has four moods: indicative, and imperative are inherited from Proto-Slavic, while conditional and subjunctive are borrowed from Romance languages (namely Friulian). There are also interrogative forms that have been borrowed from Friulian as well. The indicative has six tenses: present, aorist, imperfect, future, present perfect and pluperfect; of those only the last two are formed periphrastically and rarely used. The conditional and the subjunctive both have two tenses: present and preterite; and the preterite tenses are also periphrastic. The imperative does not really have any tenses. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan="11" | Overview of conjugations | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="11" | Personal forms | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 70px" | !! style="width: 80px" | !! style="width: 100px" | 1 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 2 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 3 sg !! style="width: 100px" | 1 du !! style="width: 100px" | 2 du || style="width: 100px" | 3 du !! style="width: 100px" | 1 pl !! style="width: 100px" | 2 pl !! style="width: 100px" | 3 pl | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="6" | Indicative !! Present | |||
| -ri || -š || -Ø || -vä || -sta || -sta || -mo || -ste || -jö | |||
|- | |||
! Aorist | |||
| -h || -riš || -ra/-r || -rän || -nta || -nta || -rin/-rno || -nte || -rjö | |||
|- | |||
! Imperfect | |||
| -jun/-jvyn || -jviš || -vja || -jvän || -juta || -juta || -jvin/-jvnü || -jute || -vjö | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| -dön/-nd || -döš || -dö || -dvä || -tta || -tta || -ndü || -tte || -dan | |||
|- | |||
! Present prf. | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the present tense of '''byt''' followed by the '''past participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! Pluperfect | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the aorist forms of '''byt''' followed by the '''past participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Conditional !! Present | |||
| -sin/-ns || -siš || -si || -svä || -sista || -sista || -snü || -siste || -sijö | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the present tense of '''byt''' followed by the '''past participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Subjunctive !! Present | |||
| -nsa || -šii || -se || -väi || -stai || -stai || -nmo/-nnü || -stii || -sie | |||
|- | |||
! Preterite | |||
| colspan="9" | ''use the present tense of '''byt''' followed by the '''past participle''''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Imperative | |||
| - || -i/-ej || - || -ivä/-ejvä || -ita/-ejta || - || -imo/-ejmo || -ite/-ejte || - | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Interrogative | |||
| -o || -(s)ti || -la<sup>m</sup>/-le<sup>f/n</sup> || -da || -da || -da || -io || -io || -io | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="11" | Impersonal forms | |||
|- | |||
! !! !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg !! masc sg !! fem sg !! neut sg | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Participle !! Present act. | |||
| -ŭ || -la || -lu || -la || -li || -li || -li || -le || -la | |||
|- | |||
! Past passive | |||
| -n || -na || -nu || -na || -ni | -ni ||-ni || -ne || -na | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||