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Kawa: Difference between revisions
→Phonotactics
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===Orthography=== | |||
Kawa uses the Latin script with 2 additional letters: ⟨Ŋŋ⟩, ⟨Ƿƿ⟩ | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Kawa Alphabet | |||
|- | |||
! Letter | |||
| Aa | |||
| Bb | |||
| Dd | |||
| Ee | |||
| Ff | |||
| Gg | |||
| Hh | |||
| Ii | |||
| Jj | |||
| Kk | |||
| Mm | |||
| Nn | |||
| Ŋŋ | |||
| Oo | |||
| Pp | |||
| Qq | |||
| Ss | |||
| Tt | |||
| Uu | |||
| Vv | |||
| Ww | |||
| Ƿƿ | |||
| Zz | |||
|- | |||
! IPA | |||
| /a/ | |||
| /b/ | |||
| /tʷ/ | |||
| /e/ | |||
| /f/ | |||
| /g/ | |||
| /h/ | |||
| /i/ | |||
| /j/ | |||
| /k/ | |||
| /m/ | |||
| /n/ | |||
| /ŋ/ | |||
| /o/ | |||
| /p/ | |||
| /kʷ/ | |||
| /s/ | |||
| /t/ | |||
| /u/ | |||
| /v/ | |||
| /w/ | |||
| /ʍ/ | |||
| /sʷ/ | |||
|- | |||
! Name | |||
| /am/ | |||
| /ba/ | |||
| /tʷa/ | |||
| /em/ | |||
| /fa/ | |||
| /ga/ | |||
| /ha/ | |||
| /im/ | |||
| /ja/ | |||
| /ka/ | |||
| /ma/ | |||
| /na/ | |||
| /ŋa/ | |||
| /om/ | |||
| /pa/ | |||
| /kʷa/ | |||
| /sa/ | |||
| /ta/ | |||
| /um/ | |||
| /va/ | |||
| /wa/ | |||
| /ʍa/ | |||
| /sʷa/ | |||
|} | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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Notes: | Notes: | ||
# During allophonic realisation, /w/ is affected by /ʍ/, however, in the writing system, it is seen as the soft version of /h/ | # During allophonic realisation, /w/ is affected by /ʍ/, however, in the writing system, it is seen and analysed as the soft version of /h/ | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 250px" | ||
|+ Vowel Phonemes | |+ Vowel Phonemes | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| colspan="2" |a | | colspan="2" |a | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
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'''Initial C<sup>2</sup>''' | '''Initial C<sup>2</sup>''' | ||
/kn/, /gn/, /st/, /stʷ/, /sk/, /skʷ/, /kʷʍ/, /tʷʍ/, /sʷʍ/, /Nw/, /Nʍ/<sup>1</sup>, /Nj/, /mb/ | /kn/, /gn/, /st/, /stʷ/, /sk/, /skʷ/, /kʷʍ/, /tʷʍ/, /sʷʍ/, /Nw/, /Nʍ/<sup>1</sup>, /Nj/<sup>2</sup>, /mb/ | ||
# [+nasal] > [-voice] /_ʍ | |||
# A speaker may realise /nj/ as /ɲ/ (nj > ɲ) | |||
'''V''' | '''V''' | ||
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/m/, /ŋ/, /b/, /g/, /t/, /f/, /v/, /s/ | /m/, /ŋ/, /b/, /g/, /t/, /f/, /v/, /s/ | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1<sup>st</sup> Person Plain | ! 1<sup>st</sup> Person Plain | ||
| | | colspan="2" |imo | ||
| imo | |||
| imwa | | imwa | ||
| iŋi | | iŋi | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> Person Plain | ! 2<sup>nd</sup> Person Plain | ||
| | | colspan="2" |teo | ||
| teo | |||
| ta | | ta | ||
| da | | da | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> Person Plain | ! 3<sup>rd</sup> Person Plain | ||
| | | colspan="2" |sov | ||
| sov | |||
| sovia | | sovia | ||
| sovio | | sovio | ||
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| zio | | zio | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |||
===Verbs=== | |||
Verbs are marked for tense and mood with a particle. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+Verb Particles | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Indicative | |||
! Imperative | |||
! Conditional | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| gaŋ | |||
| rowspan="3" |qaŋ | |||
| gagaŋ | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| goŋ | |||
| gogoŋ | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| kam | |||
| kakam | |||
|} | |||
===The Copula=== | |||
The copula, ⟨qe⟩ /kʷ/ in Kawa functions both as the verb "to be" and the verb "to have". It is the only verb that conjugates differently, it conjugates as following: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ The Copula | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Indicative | |||
! Imperative | |||
! Conditional | |||
|- | |||
! Present | |||
| gaŋqe | |||
| rowspan="3" |qeqe | |||
| gaqegaŋ | |||
|- | |||
! Past | |||
| goŋqe | |||
| goqegoŋ | |||
|- | |||
! Future | |||
| kamqe | |||
| kaqekam | |||
|} | |} | ||