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Kimow: Difference between revisions
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| dia1 = Kimo dialects | | dia1 = Kimo dialects | ||
** Igkin dialects | ** Igkin dialects | ||
*** Kemhu Kka | *** Kemhu Kka | ||
** Mukku (†)<ref>Mostly extinct, some elderly speakers still exist.</ref> | ** Mukku (†)<ref>Mostly extinct, some elderly speakers still exist.</ref> | ||
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Aside from Wakki dialects using [w] as a replacement for [u] and [ʊ], consonants do not vary at all between Kimow speakers. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan=2 | !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Plosive | |||
! pulmonic | |||
| || || || c ɟ || || q ɢ || ʔ | |||
|- | |||
! aspirated | |||
| pʰ bʱ || || tʰ dʱ || || kʰ gʱ || || | |||
|- | |||
! ejective/glottalised<ref>See [[Kimow#Ejective controversy]].</ref> | |||
| pʼ bʼ<br>p͡ʔ b͡ʔ || || tʼ<br>t͡ʔ|| qʼ ɢʼ<br>q͡ʔ ɢ͡ʔ || | |||
|} | |||
====Ejective controversy==== | |||
There is an ongoing debate on whether the doubled consonants of Kimow(''kk'', ''gg'' and so forth) are [[w:Ejective consonant|'''ejective''']] consonants or '''diphthongs with a glottal stop'''. Previous studies have tried to link the two sets of different sounds to dialectical difference between Kimo and Wakki, but no correlation was found between use of glottal diphthongs or ejectives on dialectic differences alone. Subsequent studies on less spoken dialects, such as Kemhu Kka and Mukku found no correlation either. Thus, the theory that use of ejectives or glottal diphthongs depends on dialect is now generally considered outdated and disproven, though a replacement theory with substantial evidence has yet to be found. Until such a theory is proposed, the linguistic community has agreed that the differences are completely arbitrary and are sometimes up to the speaker. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
<span style="color:red">Red</span> sounds are exclusive to Kimo dialects, while <span style="color:blue">blue</span> sounds are exclusive to Wakki dialects. <span style="color:green">Green</span> sounds are exclusive to Igkin dialects, which although are a subset of Kimo dialects, do have some different sounds. Black sounds are in all sets of dialects. | <span style="color:red">Red</span> sounds are exclusive to Kimo dialects, while <span style="color:blue">blue</span> sounds are exclusive to Wakki dialects. <span style="color:green">Green</span> sounds are exclusive to Igkin dialects, which although are a subset of Kimo dialects, do have some different sounds. Black sounds are in all sets of dialects. | ||
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| a <span style="color:green">œ</span><ref>Alternative allophone of /ø/, though [ø] is still more widely used.</ref> || || <span style="color:blue">ɑ</span><ref>Wakki variant of Kimo [o].</ref> | | a <span style="color:green">œ</span><ref>Alternative allophone of /ø/, though [ø] is still more widely used.</ref> || || <span style="color:blue">ɑ</span><ref>Wakki variant of Kimo [o].</ref> | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||