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Kola: Difference between revisions
→Noun classes
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| mï-; - || yï- || ye- || ya- || mï- || mï- || Humans, animate | | mï-; - || yï- || ye- || ya- || mï- || mï- || Humans, kinship terms, personification, animate | ||
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! 2 | ! 2 | ||
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! 3 | ! 3 | ||
| mï- || wï- || wo- || colspan="2" | wu- || mï- || | | mï- || wï- || wo- || colspan="2" | wu- || mï- || Plants (and derivatives), natural phenomena, <!--elongated objects, active things, motion, -->non-paired body parts, various | ||
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! 4 | ! 4 | ||
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! 5 | ! 5 | ||
| zï-; - || lï- || lo- || colspan="2" | li- || zï- || Augmentatives, various | | zï-; - || lï- || lo- || colspan="2" | li- || zï- || Augmentatives, paired body parts, natural phenomena, expanses, individual things found in groups, derogatives, various | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 6 | ! 6 | ||
| mä- || yä- || yo- || colspan="2" | ya- || mä- || Plural of class 5, mass nouns | | mä- || yä- || yo- || colspan="2" | ya- || mä- || Plural of class 5, mass nouns, collectives, collective actions | ||
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! 7 | ! 7 | ||
| jï- || shï- || sho- || colspan="2" | shi- || jï- || Tools/artefacts, diminutives, languages, various | | jï- || shï- || sho- || colspan="2" | shi- || jï- || Tools/artefacts, diminutives, languages, resemblance, amelioratives, derogatives, disabilities/diseases, various | ||
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! 8 | ! 8 | ||
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! 9 | ! 9 | ||
| ⁿ-; -<small><sup>2</sup></small> || yï- || yo- || colspan="2" | yi- || ⁿ- || Animals, inanimate | | ⁿ-; -<small><sup>2</sup></small> || yï- || yo- || colspan="2" | yi- || ⁿ- || Animals, inanimate, loanwords, various | ||
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! 10 | ! 10 | ||
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! 11 | ! 11 | ||
| lï- || lï- || lo- || colspan="2" | lu- || lï- || Abstract, manner/way/culture | | lï- || lï- || lo- || colspan="2" | lu- || lï- || Abstract, manner/way/culture, localized mass nouns, long or broad objects | ||
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! 12 | ! 12 | ||
| gä- || gä- || go- || colspan="2" | ga- || gä- || Diminutives | | gä- || gä- || go- || colspan="2" | ga- || gä- || Diminutives, derogatives, amelioratives | ||
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! 13 | ! 13 | ||
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! 14 | ! 14 | ||
| wï- || wï- || wo- || colspan="2" | wu- || wï- || Abstract, countries/lands | | wï- || wï- || wo- || colspan="2" | wu- || wï- || Abstract, countries/lands, location terms | ||
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! 15 | ! 15 | ||
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! 16 | ! 16 | ||
| bä- || bä- || bo- || colspan="2" | ba- || bä- || | | bä- || bä- || bo- || colspan="2" | ba- || bä- || Specific/definite/internal location, "at/on/in", "against", "to the detriment of" | ||
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! 17 | ! 17 | ||
| g(w/ï)- || g(w/ï)- || go- || colspan="2" | gu- || g(w/ï)- || | | g(w/ï)- || g(w/ï)- || go- || colspan="2" | gu- || g(w/ï)- || Nonspecific/approximate location, direction, "for", "to", "to the benefit of" | ||
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| mï- || mï- || mo- || colspan="2" | mu- || mï- || Internal location, "in" | |||
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<small><sup>1</sup></small> Subject and object concords are used for the subject and object of a verb respectively, and adjective concords are used with adjectives. Most other words use pronominal concords. The extended pronominal concords are used to form pronouns (see [[Kola#Pronouns|pronouns]]). | <small><sup>1</sup></small> Subject and object concords are used for the subject and object of a verb respectively, and adjective concords are used with adjectives. Most other words use pronominal concords. The extended pronominal concords are used to form pronouns (see [[Kola#Pronouns|pronouns]]). | ||
These concord prefixes are considered formal and old-fashioned, and are normally replaced with animacy-based concords. Words agreeing with animate nouns use classes 1/2, while those agreeing with inanimate nouns use classes 5/6, 9/10 (used by this article), or some combination (most commonly 9/6). When a modifier is used with a noun, the concord prefix can optionally be omitted. | These concord prefixes are considered formal and old-fashioned, and are normally replaced with animacy-based concords. Words agreeing with animate nouns use classes 1/2, while those agreeing with inanimate nouns use classes 5/6, 9/10 (used by this article), or some combination (most commonly 9/6). When a modifier is used with a noun, the concord prefix can optionally be omitted. With verbs, class 16 and 17 prefixes are used even in informal language; others are replaced with animacy concords. | ||
Class 16 and 17 most often behave as prepositions. Their concord prefixes are used with verbs; otherwise, the prefix appears at the beginning of the noun phrase. However, there are some nouns inherently in these classes; these behave as nouns in any other class - e.g. በት ''bätt'' "place", ግት ''gïtt'' "area". | |||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> ⁿ- = initial fortition | <small><sup>2</sup></small> ⁿ- = initial fortition | ||