2,334
edits
Lántun: Difference between revisions
m
→Augments
m (→Augments) |
|||
| Line 248: | Line 248: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=2| ''-ad'' | | colspan=2| ''-ad'' | ||
| above | | above | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan=2| ''-ed'' | | colspan=2| ''-ed'' | ||
| Line 266: | Line 266: | ||
|} | |} | ||
It is also opportune to clarify, that the morphology of Lántun is '''templatic'''. The template or slot is a functional position in an affixal string of morphemes; each position can be occupied by a definable set of morphemes. This term is the most useful referring to verbal morhology. The function of a given template is determined by how proto-morphemes have come to be re-analysed and ordered in the language, thus semantically related morhemes tend to occupy the same positions, and the morphemes sharing a given position define the function of that position. However, it would be quite facile to argue that reconstruction on such a large scale can be accurately made, using the method of internal reconstruction of some kind of Proto-Lánunic can be misleading, as later Lánunic dialects show a great variability of forms and positions indicating gradual and complex morphophonological shifts. | It is also opportune to clarify, that the morphology of Lántun is '''templatic'''. The template or slot is a functional position in an affixal string of morphemes; each position can be occupied by a definable set of morphemes. This term is the most useful referring to verbal morhology. The function of a given template is determined by how proto-morphemes have come to be re-analysed and ordered in the language, thus semantically related morhemes tend to occupy the same positions, and the morphemes sharing a given position define the function of that position. However, it would be quite facile to argue that reconstruction on such a large scale can be accurately made, using the method of internal reconstruction of some kind of Proto-Lánunic can be misleading, as later Lánunic dialects show a great variability of forms and positions indicating gradual and complex morphophonological shifts. | ||
===Framing=== | |||
Lántun verbs (and by extension, deverbal nouns) possess the category of [[w:Verb framing|satellite-framing]]. This concept is encoded in the verb stem as a suffix, similar to '''formatives''', but unlike the latter, they can be only applied to verbs of motion. There are two main suffixes: ''-d'', which orients the motion towards the speaker, and ''-l'', which orients toward the interlocutor or toward a certain place. Since the two suffixes represent an old stratum of morphology and do not use connecting vowels, they often become assimilated into the root the same way as formatives, for example: ''*hal'''d'''na → hàlna'' “he came”, ''*hal'''l'''na → hālna'' “he went (somewhere)” (but ''hal'''d'''a'' “he comes”). It is a part of derivational morphology, which differs from formatives only in its function, and its usage is not unlike the one of the augments. | |||
===Colour markers=== | ===Colour markers=== | ||
The category of '''internal state''' idicates a person’s [[w:Personal identity|identity]] (e.g. various aspects or attributes of their appeaeance and personality), translated into English as '''colour''' markers. There is no direct correspondence to this category in human laguages, [[w:Personal pronoun#Gender|gendered pronouns]] is likely the closest analogy, yet a misleading one, since draconids are neither male nor female. The colour is carried by the grammatical person markers (only in their singular forms). There are seven traditionally recognised “colours”: red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, violet and white, the latter also being referred to as neutral. Sometimes black is viewed as a separate colour, but it is not used to indicate a person. Every colour has their own stereotypical attributes, and thus a colour marker can reveal a lot of information about the speaker that uses a given marker or a person referred via such a marker. | The category of '''internal state''' idicates a person’s [[w:Personal identity|identity]] (e.g. various aspects or attributes of their appeaeance and personality), translated into English as '''colour''' markers. There is no direct correspondence to this category in human laguages, [[w:Personal pronoun#Gender|gendered pronouns]] is likely the closest analogy, yet a misleading one, since draconids are neither male nor female. The colour is carried by the grammatical person markers (only in their singular forms). There are seven traditionally recognised “colours”: red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, violet and white, the latter also being referred to as neutral. Sometimes black is viewed as a separate colour, but it is not used to indicate a person. Every colour has their own stereotypical attributes, and thus a colour marker can reveal a lot of information about the speaker that uses a given marker or a person referred via such a marker. | ||