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Laceyiam: Difference between revisions
→Secondary moods: evidentiality
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* Invented situation evidential: '''-(h)į + kȳ(n)-''', which conjugates as a ''-st verb ''in the present''' '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįkȳściu ''/ ''pūnįkȳm ''/ ''pūnįkȳmisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįkȳnu ''/ ''pūnįkȳnāsmiu''; | * Invented situation evidential: '''-(h)į + kȳ(n)-''', which conjugates as a ''-st verb ''in the present''' '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįkȳściu ''/ ''pūnįkȳm ''/ ''pūnįkȳmisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįkȳnu ''/ ''pūnįkȳnāsmiu''; | ||
* Inferential evidential: '''-(h)į + läm(e)- '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämem ''/ ''pūnįlämemisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämāsmiu.'' | * Inferential evidential: '''-(h)į + läm(e)- '''; e.g. ''pūnake ''> ''pūnįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämem ''/ ''pūnįlämemisu ''/ ''pupūṃsįlämu ''/ ''pūnįlämāsmiu.'' | ||
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==== The consequential secondary moods ==== | |||
The two consequential secondary moods can actually be '''tertiary''' moods, as they can be added to evidential secondary moods too. | |||
The ''consequential mood of cause'' is formed by adding '''-ę + pian(e)-''' to the verb stem. For example ''pūnu → pūnępianu'' (given that I work, ...); ''pupūṃśvið → pupūṃsępiamvið'' (given that you want to work, ...), or ''pūnįlämet → pūnįlämępianet'' (given that, apparently, (s)he worked, ...). | |||
The ''consequential mood of opposition'' is similarly formed by adding '''-ę + gām(u)-''' to the verb stem. For example ''pūnu → pūnęgāmu'' (even if I work, ...); ''pupūṃśvið → pupūṃsęgāmvið'' (even if you want to work, ...), or ''pūnįlämet → pūnįlämęgāmut'' (even if, apparently, (s)he worked, ...). | |||
==== The interrogative secondary mood ==== | |||
The interrogative mood is formed in a different way compared to the other secondary moods. It adds '''-ę''' to the verb stem, then all personal endings, then (in unprefixed verbs) those marking voice, and finally '''-thā''' at the very end. For example: ''pūnęrthā?'' (does (s)he work?), ''lehęrthāsthā?'' (are they being eaten?), ''lehęrthāśethā?'' (do they eat?).<br /> | |||
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Note that '''-við-thā''' in the second person singular present ending contracts to '''-vindhā''', thus forms like ''pūnęvindhā?'' (do you work?). | |||
==== Impersonal verbs ==== | ==== Impersonal verbs ==== | ||