Laceyiam: Difference between revisions

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Important notes about consonant phonemes:
Important notes about consonant phonemes:
* /N/, written <ṃ>, is realized as an uvular nasal before laryngeal consonants or as a nasalization of the preceding vowel before other consonants (especially /d dʱ/). Note that <ṃ> may also appear representing a different nasal phoneme (usually /m/) in other morphologically conditioned environments. /n/ is realized [ŋ] before velar consonants and is written <n> except for the root ''cāṃkra''-'' ''(to end, to finish, to border).
* /N/, written <ṃ>, is realized as an uvular nasal before laryngeal consonants or as a nasalization of the preceding vowel before other consonants (especially /d dʱ/). Note that <ṃ> may also appear representing a different nasal phoneme (usually /m/) in other morphologically conditioned environments. /n/ is realized [ŋ] before velar consonants and is written <n> except for the root ''cāṃkra''-'' ''(to end, to finish, to border).
* The consonants written <hj hv hr hl> were clusters in Classical Laceyiam, but they are the phonemes /ɕ f ʁ <span>ʕ̯/ in the modern standard (/</span>ɕ/ is written either as <ś> or <hj> depending on the word). Some analyses of Standard Laceyiam do not count them as separate phonemes, but as realizations of the clusters /ɦ<span>ɟ͡ʑ </span>ɦv ɦʀ ɦ<span>ɴ̆/ due to their behaviour in compounding, c.f. ''ni- ''prefix (/nʲi/) plus the root ''hjøðam ''"hand" (/ˈ</span>ɕøðam/ or /ˈɦ<span class="">ɟ͡ʑøðam/, pronounced [ˈ</span>ɕøðam]) > ''nįjøðemė ''"weapon" (/n<span>i̤ˈɟ͡ʑøðemeː/ [n</span><span class="">i̤ˈɟ͡ʑøðemeː], with the usual morphological process where /</span>ɦ/ vanishes, giving breathy-voiced phonation to the preceding vowel, when in coda).
* /θ ð/ only contrast intervocalically, after nasals, and before /ʀ <span>ɴ̆/; otherwise they're in complementary distribution, with /</span>θ/ word-initially and adjacent to voiceless consonants and /ð/ anywhere else.
* /θ ð/ only contrast intervocalically, after nasals, and before /ʀ <span>ɴ̆/; otherwise they're in complementary distribution, with /</span>θ/ word-initially and adjacent to voiceless consonants and /ð/ anywhere else.


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