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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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* class III (''s-past'', sigmatic): corresponding to Greek sigmatic aorist. Overall not as common as in other IE languages, but still represented. The added '''s''' is often obscured by consonant assimilation. See ''a-lúw-s-om'' "I loved", ''e-gíj-om'' (underlying e-gil-s-om, from PIE *e-wéyd-s-ṃ) "I watched". | * class III (''s-past'', sigmatic): corresponding to Greek sigmatic aorist. Overall not as common as in other IE languages, but still represented. The added '''s''' is often obscured by consonant assimilation. See ''a-lúw-s-om'' "I loved", ''e-gíj-om'' (underlying e-gil-s-om, from PIE *e-wéyd-s-ṃ) "I watched". | ||
* class IV (reduplicated): very rare. The root is often quite obscured due to the stressed reduplication, zero-grade, and consonant assimilation. The few examples include ''e-lelag-om'' (more commonly ''e-lelá-m'', from the variant ''e-lelah-om'') "I had", or the literary ''a-gúk-om'' "I said" (cf. Gr. εἶπον). | * class IV (reduplicated): very rare. The root is often quite obscured due to the stressed reduplication, zero-grade, and consonant assimilation. The few examples include ''e-lelag-om'' (more commonly ''e-lelá-m'', from the variant ''e-lelah-om'') "I had", or the literary ''a-gúk-om'' "I said" (cf. Gr. εἶπον). | ||
====Pluperfect==== | |||
The Lifashian pluperfect is an analytic tense, formed much like the analytic perfect, with the ''-it'' participle but with the past tense of ''esyim''. | |||
Example: | |||
* ''Mek mey tom Rósom hóle safarom '''etinemit astám'''.'' "I had already travelled to Russia." | |||
====Future==== | ====Future==== | ||