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Time is expressed officially with the 24-hour clock. In writing, hours and minutes are separated by a colon or by a lowercase letter ''sy'' (standing for ''syaht(i)'' "hour(s)"), e.g. 11:23 or 11sy23 (cf. Latin script notations such as 11h23). In speech, 24-hour times are spoken as ''11 syahti 23'' (''nyastasyam syahti tisyardílásti''), with a masculine numeral for the hours (implying masculine ''syaht'') and a feminine one for the minutes (implying feminine ''dakíká'').<br/>In speech, unless precision is needed, a form of 12-hour clock is used, however it is never written unless each word is spelled. A hour is generally divided into quarters (and/or, mostly among older people or in rural areas, thirds) and each quarter, half, or third always refers to the following hour, as in the following examples: | Time is expressed officially with the 24-hour clock. In writing, hours and minutes are separated by a colon or by a lowercase letter ''sy'' (standing for ''syaht(i)'' "hour(s)"), e.g. 11:23 or 11sy23 (cf. Latin script notations such as 11h23). In speech, 24-hour times are spoken as ''11 syahti 23'' (''nyastasyam syahti tisyardílásti''), with a masculine numeral for the hours (implying masculine ''syaht'') and a feminine one for the minutes (implying feminine ''dakíká'').<br/>In speech, unless precision is needed, a form of 12-hour clock is used, however it is never written unless each word is spelled. A hour is generally divided into quarters (and/or, mostly among older people or in rural areas, thirds) and each quarter, half, or third always refers to the following hour, as in the following examples: | ||
* 9:00 – ''nún syahti'' | * 9:00 – ''nún syahti'' | ||
* 9:15 – '' | * 9:15 – ''pitórisyá lasyam'', literally "a quarter of [hour] ten"; note how fractions are always feminine, implying ''istísá'' "part". | ||
* 9:20 – '' | * 9:20 – ''tírisyá lasyam'' "a third of [hour] ten" | ||
* 9:30 – '' | * 9:30 – ''keltá lasyam'' "half ten" | ||
* 9:40 – ''luwá | * 9:40 – ''luwá tírisyésy lasyam'' "two thirds of [hour] ten" | ||
* 9:45 – ''tisyar | * 9:45 – ''tisyar pitórisyésy lasyam'' "three quarters of [hour] ten"; often contracted in speech as *tisy-pitór(i)syesy | ||
Hours are always represented by cardinal numerals, and they decline (or are invariable) accordingly, as in e.g. '''12:30''' '' | Hours are always represented by cardinal numerals, and they decline (or are invariable) accordingly, as in e.g. '''12:30''' ''keltá nyasy'', '''13:30''' ''keltá lúsy'', '''14:30''' ''keltá taryóm'', '''15:30''' ''keltá pitrám'', '''22:30''' ''keltá nyastasyam'', '''23:30''' ''keltá lústasyam''.<br/>In order to disambiguate in speech between a.m. and p.m., ''tassyá merpehi'' "of the morning" and ''tosy wisferé'' "of the evening" are used respectively; sometimes, ''tassyá beltehi'', literally "of the light", is preferred for p.m. hours before dusk. | ||
===Kinship terms=== | ===Kinship terms=== | ||