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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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The first method consists in an adjoined, nonreduced, relative clause: | The first method consists in an adjoined, nonreduced, relative clause: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = Mek tám ninfam deyhámrey | | phrase = Mek tám ninfam deyhámrey elersyaha ene (lesá) lámam ebena. | ||
| gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>DEF.FEM.SG.ACC</small>. woman-<small>ACC.SG</small>. yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. <small>REL</small>. (<small>3SG.FEM.NOM</small>.) home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | | gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>DEF.FEM.SG.ACC</small>. woman-<small>ACC.SG</small>. yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. <small>REL</small>. (<small>3SG.FEM.NOM</small>.) home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | ||
| translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | | translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | ||
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The second method, a probable Kartvelian influence due to a similar construction being also found in Georgian, consists in embedding ''ene'' with a resumptive pronoun in the relative clause. In this case, the two sentences are separated by a comma: | The second method, a probable Kartvelian influence due to a similar construction being also found in Georgian, consists in embedding ''ene'' with a resumptive pronoun in the relative clause. In this case, the two sentences are separated by a comma: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = Mek ene letám deyhámrey | | phrase = Mek ene letám deyhámrey elersyaha, sá ninfá lámam ebena. | ||
| gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>REL</small>. <small>3SG.FEM.ACC</small>. yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. | <small>DEF.FEM.SG.NOM</small>. woman-<small>NOM.SG</small>. home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | | gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>REL</small>. <small>3SG.FEM.ACC</small>. yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. | <small>DEF.FEM.SG.NOM</small>. woman-<small>NOM.SG</small>. home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | ||
| translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | | translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | ||
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As in Georgian, the head noun can be in the relative clause; unlike the case with conjunctive ''ene'', a resumptive pronoun must be used in this case. | As in Georgian, the head noun can be in the relative clause; unlike the case with conjunctive ''ene'', a resumptive pronoun must be used in this case. | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = Mek ene tám ninfam deyhámrey | | phrase = Mek ene tám ninfam deyhámrey elersyaha, lesá lámam ebena. | ||
| gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>REL</small>. <small>DEF.FEM.SG.ACC</small>. woman-<small>ACC.SG</small> yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. | <small>3SG.FEM.NOM</small>. home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | | gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>REL</small>. <small>DEF.FEM.SG.ACC</small>. woman-<small>ACC.SG</small> yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. | <small>3SG.FEM.NOM</small>. home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | ||
| translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | | translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | ||