8,513
edits
Lifashian: Difference between revisions
m
→Vocabulary
m (→Vocabulary) |
m (→Vocabulary) |
||
| Line 1,090: | Line 1,090: | ||
The Gregorian calendar is unofficially used in international (and non-Greater Iranian) contexts, but historical dates e.g. in school textbooks are always cited and learned in the Lifashian calendar only; it is also used by the ethnic minority of the Lifashian Ligurians and by the Roman Catholic Church in Dár Lífasyám, which uses it to determine the dates of Catholic holidays; the dates of Orthodox holidays (by the Lifashian Syriac Orthodox Church, the largest religious denomination in the country, which is non-Chalcedonian) are similarly determined using the Julian Calendar. Interestingly, as the Julian calendar was first spread during the Middle Ages and Early Modern Era, during the period of Genoese rule over Dár Lífasyám, the Gregorian (and Julian) month names in Lifashian are derived from Ligurian. | The Gregorian calendar is unofficially used in international (and non-Greater Iranian) contexts, but historical dates e.g. in school textbooks are always cited and learned in the Lifashian calendar only; it is also used by the ethnic minority of the Lifashian Ligurians and by the Roman Catholic Church in Dár Lífasyám, which uses it to determine the dates of Catholic holidays; the dates of Orthodox holidays (by the Lifashian Syriac Orthodox Church, the largest religious denomination in the country, which is non-Chalcedonian) are similarly determined using the Julian Calendar. Interestingly, as the Julian calendar was first spread during the Middle Ages and Early Modern Era, during the period of Genoese rule over Dár Lífasyám, the Gregorian (and Julian) month names in Lifashian are derived from Ligurian. | ||
In Dár Lífasyám, the weekend is actually referred to as the beginning of the week (''syawacárs'') as Saturday and Sunday are the first two days of the week in the Lifashian calendar. | |||
====Lifashian public holidays==== | ====Lifashian public holidays==== | ||
| Line 1,104: | Line 1,106: | ||
Members of the three main religious confessions of Dár Lífasyám (Orthodox Christians, Muslims, and Catholics) celebrate as "religious public holidays" the main religious holidays of their faith: Christmas and Easter for Christians and Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr for Muslims. According to national laws, everyone has the right to get days off work on the dates of their religion's main holidays; municipalities with particular minorities can decide to declare local public holidays on those days. The dates of these holidays are calculated using the Julian calendar for Eastern Orthodox Christians, the Gregorian one for Catholics, and the Islamic calendar for Muslims. Lifashian Christians celebrate Christmas on the same date as Theophany, using the Gregorian date (as do Armenians), corresponding to 16 or 17 day depending on the year in the Lifashian calendar. | Members of the three main religious confessions of Dár Lífasyám (Orthodox Christians, Muslims, and Catholics) celebrate as "religious public holidays" the main religious holidays of their faith: Christmas and Easter for Christians and Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr for Muslims. According to national laws, everyone has the right to get days off work on the dates of their religion's main holidays; municipalities with particular minorities can decide to declare local public holidays on those days. The dates of these holidays are calculated using the Julian calendar for Eastern Orthodox Christians, the Gregorian one for Catholics, and the Islamic calendar for Muslims. Lifashian Christians celebrate Christmas on the same date as Theophany, using the Gregorian date (as do Armenians), corresponding to 16 or 17 day depending on the year in the Lifashian calendar. | ||
===Time and date=== | |||
Dates are numerically represented as year-month-day with leading zeros omitted, e.g. ''105-1-20''. The officially preferred written form is ''105, 20 farwardín'', but the alternative ''20 farwardín 105'' is also commonly used and accepted. Day and month names are never capitalized. | |||
Time is expressed officially with the 24-hour clock. In writing, hours and minutes are separated by a colon or by a lowercase letter ''sy'' (standing for ''syaht(i)'' "hour(s)"), e.g. 11:23 or 11sy23 (cf. Latin script notations such as 11h23). In speech, 24-hour times are spoken as ''11 syahti 23'' (''nyastasyam syahti tisyardílásti''), with a masculine numeral for the hours (implying masculine ''syaht'') and a feminine one for the minutes (implying feminine ''dakíká'').<br/>In speech, unless precision is needed, a form of 12-hour clock is used, however it is never written unless each word is spelled. A hour is generally divided into quarters (and/or, mostly among older people or in rural areas, thirds) and each quarter, half, or third always refers to the following hour, as in the following examples: | |||
* 9:00 – ''nún syahti'' | |||
* 9:15 – ''pitórisyása lasyam'', literally "a quarter of [hour] ten"; note how fractions are always feminine, implying ''istísá'' "part". | |||
* 9:20 – ''tírisyása lasyam'' "a third of [hour] ten" | |||
* 9:30 – ''keltása lasyam'' "half ten" | |||
* 9:40 – ''luwá tírisyéssyes lasyam'' "two thirds of [hour] ten" | |||
* 9:45 – ''tisyar pitórisyéssyes lasyam'' "three quarters of [hour] ten"; often contracted in speech as *tisy-pitórsyes | |||
Hours are always represented by cardinal numerals, and they decline (or are invariable) accordingly, as in e.g. '''12:30''' ''keltása nyasy'', '''13:30''' ''keltása lúsy'', '''14:30''' ''keltása taryóm'', '''15:30''' ''keltása pitrám'', '''22:30''' ''keltása nyastasyam'', '''23:30''' ''keltása lústasyam''.<br/>In order to disambiguate in speech between a.m. and p.m., ''tassyá merpehi'' "of the morning" and ''tosy wisferé'' "of the evening" are used respectively; sometimes, ''tassyá beltehi'', literally "of the light", is preferred for p.m. hours before dusk. | |||
===Kinship terms=== | ===Kinship terms=== | ||