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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
====Regular verbs==== | The verbal system of Lifashian is quite archaic among Indo-European languages: while overall morphological complexity has been reduced, notably through the use of analytic tenses, the system of synthetic verbs shows a late PIE stage where each root is independently conjugated in each tense-aspect combination, and the same root may have multiple primary formations; only verbs which are derived or borrowed with the addition of a secondary formant may be said to have a regular conjugation. Otherwise, a primary present formation can correspond to different past formations, or viceversa. | ||
<!-- ====Regular verbs==== | |||
The first conjugation in Lifashian is the most common, the one with the most regularized verbal formations, and (by means of the suffix ''-iy-'') the main productive one. Nearly all verbs ending in ''-ámi'' in the first person singular of the present (the citation form) belong to it. | The first conjugation in Lifashian is the most common, the one with the most regularized verbal formations, and (by means of the suffix ''-iy-'') the main productive one. Nearly all verbs ending in ''-ámi'' in the first person singular of the present (the citation form) belong to it. | ||
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The characteristic endings of the present subjunctive have a thematic ''-ya-'' sequence, as in e.g. ''beryáˤm, beryas, beryat, beryame, beryate, beryáˤt'' (subj. of ''berámi'' "to carry"). | The characteristic endings of the present subjunctive have a thematic ''-ya-'' sequence, as in e.g. ''beryáˤm, beryas, beryat, beryame, beryate, beryáˤt'' (subj. of ''berámi'' "to carry"). | ||
The subjunctive is used after most conjunctions, such as ''ent'' "in order to, cf. Latin ''ut''". Example: ''Panesyim ent wisyam túnayam húyám.'' "I'll stay in order to hear the entire speech." | The subjunctive is used after most conjunctions, such as ''ent'' "in order to, cf. Latin ''ut''". Example: ''Panesyim ent wisyam túnayam húyám.'' "I'll stay in order to hear the entire speech." --> | ||
====Copula==== | ====Copula==== | ||