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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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Nouns can be categorized as following one of six different declensions (''kilisi'', sg. and pl.); in most cases, each declension (except the fourth) only contains nouns of a single gender.<br/> | Nouns can be categorized as following one of six different declensions (''kilisi'', sg. and pl.); in most cases, each declension (except the fourth) only contains nouns of a single gender.<br/> | ||
All declensions are productive, although the majority of contemporary loanwords is assigned to one of the first three. Historically, the termination (and not the noun class) of the original word determines the declension, with original ''-e'' words being mostly assigned to the neuter fifth declension unless explicitely animate (mostly given names or nouns referring to humans borrowed from Ligurian), in which case they are either masculine or feminine fourth declension nouns. Words ending in a back rounded vowel or in a voiced stop in the donor language in most cases end in ''-i'' and are sixth declension nouns; this is again mostly noticeable in the plethora of Ligurian loans (such as e.g. Lig. ''mandillo'' {{IPA|[mãˈdilu]}} borrowed as ''mangdili'' {{IPA|[mæŋˈdili]}} "handkerchief").<br/>Words which ended in voiced stops or sonorants in the donor language typically also show an ''-i'' (and are therefore sixth declension nouns) in Lifashian, but this is not the case for most such words borrowed in the last century (as e.g. ''jáz'' "jazz"). | All declensions are productive, although the majority of contemporary loanwords is assigned to one of the first three. Historically, the termination (and not the noun class) of the original word determines the declension, with original ''-e'' words being mostly assigned to the neuter fifth declension unless explicitely animate (mostly given names or nouns referring to humans borrowed from Ligurian), in which case they are either masculine or feminine fourth declension nouns. Words ending in a back rounded vowel or in a voiced stop in the donor language in most cases end in ''-i'' and are sixth declension nouns; this is again mostly noticeable in the plethora of Ligurian loans (such as e.g. Lig. ''mandillo'' {{IPA|[mãˈdilu]}} borrowed as ''mangdili'' {{IPA|[mæŋˈdili]}} "handkerchief").<br/>Words which ended in voiced stops or sonorants in the donor language typically also show an ''-i'' (and are therefore sixth declension nouns) in Lifashian, but this is not the case for most such words borrowed in the last century (as e.g. ''jáz'' "jazz"). | ||
Nearly every noun, whether native or borrowed, is declined according to one of the six declensions; however, transcriptions of foreign anthroponyms and toponyms are indeclinable whenever they do not end in one of the typical endings of the declensions. See e.g. toponyms such as ''Peru'' "Peru", ''Konggo'' "Congo", or ''Wanwátu'' "Vanuatu". | |||
====1st declension (masculine)==== | ====1st declension (masculine)==== | ||