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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| mek || | | mek || gis || tuk || yús | ||
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! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
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Note that contemporary Lifashian is said to have lost the T-V distinction, uniquely in its area of the world; previously, the second-person plural pronoun '' | Note that contemporary Lifashian is said to have lost the T-V distinction, uniquely in its area of the world; previously, the second-person plural pronoun ''yús'' was used as the respectful form in both singular and plural.<br/>This loss is a recent phenomenon that started in the early 1980s. There still is a noticeable generational divide, with T-V distinction being still commonly found among speakers born not later than the late 1950s; it is less common among people born in the 1960s and early 70s, and usually only used with older people. | ||
Even in formal contexts, the remnants of T-V distinction are usually manifest in the use of ''bátursuás'' (Mr.) or ''ninfásuása'' (Ms.) with either the surname or - even more often - the given name. Using both the surname and given name is generally limited to written legal texts. It is not uncommon even for contemporary politicians or other prominent people to be mentioned in Lifashian newspapers with ''bátursuás''/''ninfásuása'' and their given name. | Even in formal contexts, the remnants of T-V distinction are usually manifest in the use of ''bátursuás'' (Mr.) or ''ninfásuása'' (Ms.) with either the surname or - even more often - the given name. Using both the surname and given name is generally limited to written legal texts. It is not uncommon even for contemporary politicians or other prominent people to be mentioned in Lifashian newspapers with ''bátursuás''/''ninfásuása'' and their given name. | ||
As in Russian (and possibly because of Russian influence), "X and I" is expressed through the first person plural plus ''sya'' (with) and the other name (in dative case because of the preposition); for example, "Scheherazade and I" would be expressed as ''wis sya Syahrzádehí''.<br/> | As in Russian (and possibly because of Russian influence), "X and I" is expressed through the first person plural plus ''sya'' (with) and the other name (in dative case because of the preposition); for example, "Scheherazade and I" would be expressed as ''wis sya Syahrzádehí''.<br/> | ||
This has given rise to an informal distinction between '' | This has given rise to an informal distinction between ''gis'' used as an exclusive first-person pronoun and an inclusive pronoun ''gis syam usyém'' (often contracted in speech to {{IPA|[ɡiʃæm(u)ˈʃeːm]}}). | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||