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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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: ''Fikarás sutás kúrhíyámi.'' (I critique, am against his/her/their<sup>SG</sup> opinions.) | : ''Fikarás sutás kúrhíyámi.'' (I critique, am against his/her/their<sup>SG</sup> opinions.) | ||
: ''Lá yádás mintás kúrhíyámi.'' (My memories haunt me.) | : ''Lá yádás mintás kúrhíyámi.'' (My memories haunt me.) | ||
===Relative clauses=== | |||
Relative clauses in Lifashian are constructed in two ways, both with the conjunction (in one case)/particle (in the other) ''ene''. | |||
The first method consists in an adjoined, nonreduced, relative clause: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Mek tám ninfam deyhámrey elersyem ene (lesá) lámam ebenat. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>DEF.FEM.SG.ACC</small>. woman-<small>ACC.SG</small>. yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. <small>REL</small>. (<small>3SG.FEM.NOM</small>.) home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | |||
| translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | |||
}} | |||
The second method, a probable Kartvelian influence due to a similar construction being also found in Georgian, consists in embedding ''ene'' with a resumptive pronoun in the relative clause. In this case, the two sentences are separated by a comma: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Mek ene letám deyhámrey elersyem, sá ninfá lámam ebenat. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>REL</small>. <small>3SG.FEM.ACC</small>. yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. | <small>DEF.FEM.SG.NOM</small>. woman-<small>NOM.SG</small>. home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | |||
| translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | |||
}} | |||
As in Georgian, the head noun can be in the relative clause; unlike the case with conjunctive ''ene'', a resumptive pronoun must be used in this case. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = Mek ene tám ninfam deyhámrey elersyem, lesá lámam ebenat. | |||
| gloss = <small>1SG.NOM</small>. <small>REL</small>. <small>DEF.FEM.SG.ACC</small>. woman-<small>ACC.SG</small> yesterday. see.<small>PAST-IND.1SG</small>. | <small>3SG.FEM.NOM</small>. home-<small>ACC.SG</small>. go.<small>PAST-IND.3SG</small>. | |||
| translation = The woman I saw yesterday went home. | |||
}} | |||
==Vocabulary== | ==Vocabulary== | ||