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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
====Cardinal numerals==== | ====Cardinal numerals==== | ||
Lifashian cardinal numerals are inflected for case only in the forms from 1 to | Lifashian cardinal numerals are inflected for case only in the forms from 1 to 3 (and numbers ending in the digits 1-3), which also agree in gender with the noun, as well as 100 and 1000; however, while 1-3 have their own peculiar declensions, hundreds and thousands decline as nouns. | ||
The declension of 1-4 is as follows: | The declension of 1-4 is as follows: | ||
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! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| tirm || tír || tisram | | tirm || tír || tisram | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
Numerals from | Numerals from 4 to 10 are indeclinable: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Digit(s) !! Numeral | ! Digit(s) !! Numeral | ||
|- | |||
! 4 | |||
| '''múyu''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 5 | ! 5 | ||
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|} | |} | ||
The numerals 11-19 are compounds of the base numeral plus ''lasyam''; however, due to historical reasons, the latter root may take three different forms: ''-lasyam'' after vowels, ''-tasyam'' after voiceless consonants, and ''-dasyam'' after all other consonants. In the case of 11- | The numerals 11-19 are compounds of the base numeral plus ''lasyam''; however, due to historical reasons, the latter root may take three different forms: ''-lasyam'' after vowels, ''-tasyam'' after voiceless consonants, and ''-dasyam'' after all other consonants. In the case of 11-13, the first component is declined. | ||
{{col-begin}} | {{col-begin}} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
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! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| tirdasyam || tírdasyam || tisrandasyam | | tirdasyam || tírdasyam || tisrandasyam | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Digit(s) !! Numeral | ! Digit(s) !! Numeral | ||
|- | |||
! 14 | |||
| '''múyulasyam''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! 15 | ! 15 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 24 | ! 24 | ||
| | | múyulílásti | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 25 | ! 25 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 40 | ! 40 | ||
| | | múyusyát | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 50 | ! 50 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 400 | ! 400 | ||
| ''' | | '''múyusyandá''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 500 | ! 500 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 4th | ! 4th | ||
| ''' | | '''múytás''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 5th | ! 5th | ||
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====Adverbial numerals==== | ====Adverbial numerals==== | ||
Adverbial numerals are indeclinable adverbs meaning "X times". Numerals from 1 to | Adverbial numerals are indeclinable adverbs meaning "X times". Numerals from 1 to 3 included are special forms, the others are regularly formed with the suffix ''-mát'' , an original suffixless locative (cfr. Skr. ''māti'', A-Gr. ''μῆτις''): | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| 3 times || '''ters''' || 33 times || ''ters tiresyámmát'' || 300 times || ''tírsyandámát'' | | 3 times || '''ters''' || 33 times || ''ters tiresyámmát'' || 300 times || ''tírsyandámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 4 times || ''' | | 4 times || '''múymát''' || 44 times || ''múyumúyusyámmát'' || 400 times || ''múyusyandámát'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| 5 times || '''pembimát''' || 55 times || ''pembipembisyámmát'' || 500 times || ''pembisyandámát'' | | 5 times || '''pembimát''' || 55 times || ''pembipembisyámmát'' || 500 times || ''pembisyandámát'' | ||
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| three each || '''teréh''' || 33 each || ''teréh tiresyátír'' || 300 each || ''tírsyandír'' | | three each || '''teréh''' || 33 each || ''teréh tiresyátír'' || 300 each || ''tírsyandír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| four each || ''' | | four each || '''múyír''' || 44 each || ''múyumúyusyátír'' || 400 each || ''múyusyandír'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| five each || '''pembír''' || 55 each || ''pembipembisyátír'' || 500 each || ''pembisyandír'' | | five each || '''pembír''' || 55 each || ''pembipembisyátír'' || 500 each || ''pembisyandír'' | ||
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Collective numerals are used in order to count pluralia tantum or collective nouns. They have the form of fifth declension nouns used in the plural only (except for "one"); however, they do not decline for gender. | Collective numerals are used in order to count pluralia tantum or collective nouns. They have the form of fifth declension nouns used in the plural only (except for "one"); however, they do not decline for gender. | ||
All collective numerals are regularly formed by adding ''-é'' (or ''-né'' after vowels) to the cardinal stem (hence without the endings for ''syandom'' and compounds | All collective numerals are regularly formed by adding ''-é'' (or ''-né'' after vowels) to the cardinal stem (hence without the endings for ''syandom'' and compounds), with the exception of the irregular 1 (''nyané''), 2 (''liyé''), and 3 (''teré''). The number four is a partial exception as it adds ''-né'' to the consonant-ending stem, i.e. resulting in ''múyné''. | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||