Literature talk:Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3

From Linguifex
Revision as of 20:14, 25 December 2016 by IlL (talk | contribs) (→‎Nouns)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3 /bələn/ is a "CW-complex" language spoken in eastern Cuadhlabh. It's inspired by Turkish, Vietnamese and an older draft of Ancient Wiebian.

Todo

Notes

  • A = one of the vowels ȧ/a/ω
  • O = one of the vowels ė/e/o
  • U = one of the vowels i/ı/u

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Medial Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ņ /ɲˁ~ɳ/ ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ ț /cˤ~ʈ/ k /c~k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ /ɟˤ~ɖ/ g /ɟ~ɡ/
Fricative f /f/ /θ/ s /s/ ș /çˤ~ʂ/ x /ç~x/ h /h/
Approximant lateral l /l/ ļ /ʎˁ~ɭ/
central w /β̞~w/ /ð̞/ y /j/ r /jˤ~ɻ/ ğ /ɣ̞~ɰ/
Notes
  • Voiceless plosives and affricates are lightly aspirated.
  • The medial consonants /ɲˁ, cˤ, ɟˤ, çˤ, ʎˁ, jˤ/ vary by idiolect and may be retroflex or sulcalized retroflex [ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɭ, ɻ] or pharyngealized pre-velar/"bunched" [ŋ̟ˁ, k̟ˤ, g̟ˤ, x̟ˤ, ʟ̟ˁ, ɹ̈]. The medial consonants are principally characterized by a low third formant (F3).

Vowels

  Front Central Back
Close i /i/ ı /ɨ~ɯ/ u /u/
Close-mid ė /e/ e /ə~ɤ/ o /o/
Open-mid/Open ȧ /æ~ɛ/ a /ä/ ω /ɒ~ɔ/

Belen has vowel harmony with front vowels (i ė ȧ), central vowels (ı e a), and back vowels (u o ω).

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

  • /l ɭ ɻ/ are not allowed in onset position.

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/3 is topic-prominent, like Japanese and Korean.

  • Final b, d, ḑ, g are lenited to approximants v, d̆, r, ğ before a suffix beginning with a consonant (unless any assimilation is applied first).
  • Suffixes beginning with b, d, ḑ, g are lenited to v, d̆, r, ğ after a final vowel.
  • When two vowels come together upon suffixation, the hiatus filler is y.

Here are the major noun clitics:

  • -nUm = plural (, , + -nUm > -ņņUm, -țņUm, -rņum)
    • nȧx /nɛx/ = person, nȧxnim /nɛxnim/ = people
    • med /məd/ = house, med̆nım /məð̞nɨm/ = houses
    • suḑ /suɖ/ = woman, surnum /suɹɳum/ = women
    • ŋω /ŋɔ/ = head > ŋωnum /ŋɔnum/ = heads
  • -dO/-d̆O = topic marker (-t, , -ḑ, , + -dO > -ttO, -ņḑO, -ḑḑO, -ţţO, -ļḑO)
    • nȧxdė /nɛxde/ = as for the person
    • medde /məddə/ = as for the house
    • suḑḑo /suɖɖo/ = as for the woman
    • ŋωd̆o /ŋɔð̞o/ = as for the head
  • -Uļ = accusative
    • nȧxiļ /nɛxiɭ/ = person (accusative)
    • medıļ /mədɨɭ/ = house (accusative)
    • suḑuļ /suɖuɭ/ = woman (accusative)
    • ŋωyuļ /ŋɔjuɭ/ = head (accusative)
  • -mAy = locative
    • virė /wiɹe/ = sea; virėmȧy /wiɹemɛj/ = at sea
    • med̆may /məð̞maj/ = in/at the house
    • xωtmωy /xɔtmɔj/ = in the room
  • -vOn = dative
    • nȧxvėn /nɛxwen/ = for the person
    • eşven /əʂwən/ = for the daughter
    • suḑvon /suɖwon/ = for the woman

Pronouns

aŋ, gıs, mi, aŋnım, gısnım, minim

Adjectives

Verbs

Numerals

  • 1: kı /kɨ/
  • 2: goș /goʂ/
  • 3: wildė /wilde/
  • 4: alm /alm/
  • 5: ḑerg /ɖəɻg/
  • 6: nȧy /nɛj/
  • 7: ark /aɻk/
  • 8: t̆ıņț /θɨɳʈ/
  • 9: hωm /hɔm/
  • 10: bıņ /bɨɳ/
  • 11: șur /ʂuɻ/
  • 12: fert /fəɻt/
  • 13: fert kı /fəɻt kɨ/
  • 14: fert goș /fəɻt goʂ/

...

  • 24: ņωx /ɳɔx/
  • 36: tifėn /tifen/
  • 48: xef /xəf/
  • 60: nisėb /niseb/
  • 72: jȧm /jɛm/
  • 84: arked /aɻkəd/
  • 96: t̆ıņțed /θɨɳʈəd/
  • 108: hωmod /hɔmod/
  • 120: bıņed /bɨɳəd/
  • 132: șurod /ʂuɻod/
  • 144: kulb /kulb/

Syntax

Belen syntax is mostly shared with the larger CW-complex sprachbund. Unusually for a CW-complex language, it is topic-prominent.

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources