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| ===Nouns=== | | ===Nouns=== |
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| Nouns inflect for definiteness and state (absolute/construct) and may include possessive affixes. A sample noun:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !''paṇoba'' "writer" !! !! Singular possessor !! Plural possessor
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| |colspan=2| Indefinite
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| |colspan=2| paṇoba
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| |colspan=2| Definite
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| |colspan=2| paṇobahe
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| |rowspan=3|Construct
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| |1st person || paṇabora || paṇabaroṇa
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| |2nd person || paṇaboda || paṇabadoṇa
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| |3rd person
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| |colspan=2 | paṇaba
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| |}
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| Nouns typically fall into three ablaut patterns: a-type, e-type and o-type. ''Paṇoba'' is an o-type noun, where the o becomes an a in the construct state.
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| * ''homa'' (legume) → ''hama''
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| In e-type nouns, the e in the noun becomes an a, but the preceding vowel shifts: a becomes i, ā becomes e, and ō becomes a. If the only vowel in the noun is e, ...
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| [to add later]
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| ===Verbs=== | | ===Verbs=== |
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| Verbs inflect for aspect, number and transitivity, but not tense.
| | Pandoga verbs come in many binyanim: [list] |
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| There are seven binyanim in Pandoga, as in Hebrew:
| | Each binyan has a conjugated form for the perfective aspect, active and passive participles, a conjunctive and a verbal noun. Verbs |
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| * PaRoHa = active simple
| | ==Syntax== |
| * PaReHa = active intensive
| | Unlike most Semitic languages, Pandoga is head-final and SVO (though SOV is also permissible). |
| * camaPRoHa = active causative
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| * kaPaRHoṇa = reflexive
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| * PiRHota = passive causative
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| * malaPReHa = passive intensive
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| * maPReHa = passive simple
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| The formant "m" in the active causative and passive simple forms turns into an "n" when the next consonant is labial, so the actual forms are "canaproha" and "napreha".
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| The verb forms in the active simple binyan are as follows:
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| * Imperfect participial form: ''paroha'' (singular), ''caparoha'' (plural)
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| * Perfect participial form: ''parahota'' (singular), ''caprahota'' (plural)
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| The word "and" is a clitic: ''tala-''.
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| ==Syntax==
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| ===Constituent order=== | | ===Constituent order=== |
| ===Noun phrase=== | | ===Noun phrase=== |