Maryan Coptic

Maryan Coptic
ϯⲙⲩⲧⲭⲏⲙⲉ timutkʰēme
Pronunciation	[/tɪˌmutˈkʰeːmə/]
Created by	Castillerian
Setting	Egypt
Language family	Afroasiatic Egyptian Demotic Coptic Maryan Coptic
Dialects	Standard Maryan Coptic Nahlic Cholevic

Maryan Coptic (ϯⲙⲩⲧⲭⲏⲙⲉ, tr. timutkʰēme) is an a posteriori language created by conlanger Castillerian. The initial intent of this language is to envision a modernized variant of Classical Coptic while preserving most of its grammar, vocabulary, and estimated phonology.

The first drafts of what would become the Maryan Coptic language were created in June 2017, initially called 'New Coptc' and 'Neo-Egyptian'. Early drafts detailed a modified Latin alphabet as the language's primary writing system, and its phonology more atone with modern-day Greco-Bohairic Coptic. Discontent with the language's current state, the creator redrafted all its core phonology and grammar in May 2019, along with its entire lexicon.

Phonology

Maryan Coptic's phonology bears immense resemblance to Bohairic Coptic, aside from the theory of Bohairic Coptic not retaining long vowels.

Orthography

Coptic alphabet

Maryan Coptic is chiefly written in a modified Coptic alphabet, which in return is a modified Greek alphabet augmented by Demotic-based glyphs. The script contains 32 pairs of glyphs (each pair containing one majuscule and one minuscule form) and 3 individual minuscule glyphs, adding up to 67 total glyphs. 48 of these glyphs originate from the Greek alphabet, while the remaining 19 originate as augmentations from the Demotic script.

In the earliest drafts dating back to March 2018, Maryan Coptic initially used a modified Latin alphabet, until a secondary script utilizing Coptic glyphs was introduced a month later in April. By July of the same year, the Latin script ceased all future and current usage, as all remaining texts which still used the Latin script were replaced with the more polished Coptic script.

Coptic alphabet

Letter	Numeric value	Name	Transliteration	Standard Pronunciation
Ⲁ ⲁ	1	alpha, ⲁⲗⲫⲁ	a	[ä] ~ [äʔ]
Ⲃ ⲃ	2	beta, ⲃⲏⲧⲁ	b	[β] ~ [ɸ] ~ [b]
Ⲅ ⲅ	3	gamma, ⲅⲁⲙⲙⲁ	g	[k]
Ⲇ ⲇ	4	delta, ⲇⲉⲗⲧⲁ	d	[t]
Ⲉ ⲉ	5	ei, ⲉⲓ	e	[ɛ] ~ [ɛʔ] ~ [ə]
ⲋ	6	sou, ⲥⲟⲩ
Ⳣ ⳣ		wau, ⳣⲁⲩ	w	[w]
Ⲍ ⲍ	7	zeta, ⲍⲏⲧⲁ	z	[s]
Ⲏ ⲏ	8	eta, ⲏⲧⲁ	ē	[eː] ~ [e]
Ⲑ ⲑ	9	theta, ⲑⲏⲧⲁ	tʰ	[tʰ]
Ⲓ ⲓ	10	iota, ⲓⲟⲧⲁ	i	[iː] ~ [i] ~ [ɪ] ~ [j]
Ⲕ ⲕ	20	kappa, ⲕⲁⲡⲡⲁ	k	[k]
Ⲗ ⲗ	30	laula, ⲗⲁⲩⲗⲁ	l	[l]
Ⲙ ⲙ	40	me, ⲙⲉ	m	[m]
Ⲛ ⲛ	50	ne, ⲛⲉ	n	[n] ~ [ŋ] ~ [m]
Ⲝ ⲝ	60	ksi, ⲝⲓ	x	[ks]
Ⲟ ⲟ	70	o, ⲟ	o	[ɔ] ~ [ɔʔ]
Ⲡ ⲡ	80	pi, ⲡⲓ	p	[p]
Ⲣ ⲣ	100	ro, ⲣⲱ	r	[ɾ] ~ [r]
Ⲥ ⲥ	200	sima, ⲥⲓⲙⲁ	s	[s]
Ⲧ ⲧ	300	tau, ⲧⲁⲩ	t	[t]
Ⲩ ⲩ	400	u, ⲩ	u	[uː] ~ [u]
Ⲫ ⲫ	500	phi, ⲫⲓ	pʰ	[pʰ]
Ⲭ ⲭ	600	khi, ⲭⲓ	kʰ	[kʰ]
Ⲯ ⲯ	700	psi, ⲯⲓ	ps	[ps]
Ⲱ ⲱ	800	ou, ⲱⲩ	ō	[oː] ~ [o]
Ϣ ϣ		shai, ϣⲁⲓ	š	[ʃ]
Ϥ ϥ	90	fai, ϥⲁⲓ	f	[f]
Ϧ ϧ		xai, ϧⲁⲓ	ḫ	[x]
Ϩ ϩ		hore, ϩⲱⲣⲉ	h	[h] ~ [ɦ] ~ [ç]
Ϫ ϫ		canga, ϫⲁⲅⲅⲁ	c	[t͡ʃ]
Ϭ ϭ		chima, ϭⲓⲙⲁ	cʰ	[t͡ʃʰ]
Ϯ ϯ		ti, ϯ	ti	[tiː] ~ [ti] ~ [tɪ]
ⳕ		hat, ϩⲁⲧ	'	∅ ~ [ʔ]
ⳁ	900	psitshe, ⲯⲓⲧϣⲉ

Consonants

Maryan Coptic's consonants remain the same among most Coptic dialects, even retaining the velar fricative /x/.

Consonants

		Bilabial	Labio- dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palatal	Labio- velar	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m		n
Plosive	modal	p		t				k	ʔ
	aspirated	pʰ		tʰ				kʰ
Fricative		β	f	s	ʃ			x	h
Affricate	modal				t͡ʃ
	aspirated				t͡ʃʰ
Approximant				l		j	w
Flap				ɾ

Vowels

The exact qualities of Bohairic Coptic's vowels remain unknown. Maryan Coptic's vowels were created largely from personal preference and some basis in Koine Greek spoken in the 1st Centiry CE.

Vowels

	Front	Near-front	Central	Back
Close	i iː			u uː
Near-close		ɪ
Close-mid	e eː			o oː
Mid			ə
Open-mid	ɛ			ɔ
Open			ä

Diphthongs

IPA	Script	IPA	Script
/aɪ/	ⲁⲓ	/aʊ/	ⲁⲩ
/ɛɪ/	ⲉⲓ	/ɛʊ/	ⲉⲩ
/eːɪ/	ⲏⲓ	/eːw/	ⲏⲩ
/əɪ/	ⲓ	/iːw/	ⲓⲩ
/ɔɪ/	ⲟⲓ	/ɔw/	ⲟⲩ
/uːɪ/	ⲩⲓ	/oːɪ/	ⲱⲓ
/oːw/	ⲱⲩ