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Meskangela: Difference between revisions
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! 1 | ! 1 | ||
| ''* | | ''*tyek'' || ''dan'', ''acyik'' || ''tik'' || ''acyik'' || ''lăŋē'' || ''*aˀtyi'' || ''asa'' || ''áci'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
| ''*nis'' || ''ni'' || ''gënis'' || ''nis'' || ''gne'' || ''aˀ(a)li'' || ''āli'' || ''ára'' | | ''*nis'' || ''ni'' || ''gënis'' || ''nis'' || ''gne'' || ''*aˀ(a)li'' || ''āli'' || ''ára'' | ||
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! 3 | ! 3 | ||
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! 8 | ! 8 | ||
| ''* | | ''*biryet'' || ''bëryet'', ''ryit'' || ''bërkyet'' || ''rit'' || ''mejat'' || – || ''meja'' || ''mia'' | ||
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! 9 | ! 9 | ||
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[[w:Evidentiality|Evidentiality]] in Classical Meskangela is an optional category that indicates evidence for a statement. This category is indicated with evidential particles, or copulas. The unmarked verb is assertive – representing a simple fact or general truth. The corresponding copula is ''ré'', the negative copula is ''mīn/mīd'', likely from ''*ma-rijan'' “being absent”. | [[w:Evidentiality|Evidentiality]] in Classical Meskangela is an optional category that indicates evidence for a statement. This category is indicated with evidential particles, or copulas. The unmarked verb is assertive – representing a simple fact or general truth. The corresponding copula is ''ré'', the negative copula is ''mīn/mīd'', likely from ''*ma-rijan'' “being absent”. | ||
A similar copula ''uré'' and its negative counterpart ''mórid'' are basic locative copulas that mark possession ('' | A similar copula ''uré'' and its negative counterpart ''mórid'' are basic locative copulas that mark possession (''marwaŋ uréŋ'' “I have a cat”) or location (''tau uréŋi'' “we are here”). | ||
The postverbal particle ''lak'' is testimonial, it represents witnessed, first-hand experience. It also acts a locative copula with the meaning “there is”. Its negative form ''milak'' has only a locative meaning. | The postverbal particle ''lak'' is testimonial, it represents witnessed, first-hand experience. It also acts a locative copula with the meaning “there is”. Its negative form ''milak'' has only a locative meaning. | ||
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| <small>2→3.PT<br />''-nta''</small> | | <small>2→3.PT<br />''-nta''</small> | ||
| rowspan="3" | <small>3du.<br />''-es''</small> | | rowspan="3" | <small>3du;2du.Pat<br />''-es''</small> | ||
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| <small>1→2.NPT<br />''-nya''</small> | | <small>1→2.NPT<br />''-nya''</small> | ||