Millennish: Difference between revisions

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|fam2              = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam2              = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|familycolor      = Indo-European
|ancestor          = [[w:Old Millennish|Old Millennish]]
|ancestor          = [[Old Millennish]]
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|creator          = Dillon Hartwig
|script            = Latn
|script            = Latn
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==Etymology==
==Etymology==
''Millennish'' is from ''Millenneš'', from Old Millennish ''Midlendeskar'', from Proto-Germanic ''*mid(ja)landiskaz''.
==Orthography==
==Orthography==
Millennish is written with the Latin script.
{| class="wikitable"
! A a !! Aa aa !! Ai ai !! Aai aai !! Au au !! Aau aau !! B b !! Ch ch
|-
| /a/ || /ɑː/ || /ai/ || /ɑːi/ || /au/ || /ɑːu/ || /b/ || /x/
|-
! D d !! Ď ď !! E e !! Ee ee !! Ei ei !! Eu eu !! F f !! H h
|-
| /d/ || /ɟ/ || /e/ || /eə/ || /ɛi/ || /œy/ || /f/ || /h/
|-
! I i !! Ie ie !! J j !! K k !! L l !! Ľ ľ !! M m !! N n
|-
| /i/ || /iə/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /ʎ/ || /m/ || /n/
|-
! Ň ň !! O o !! Oe oe !! Ö ö !! P p !! R r !! S s !! Ś ś
|-
| /ɲ/ || /o/ || /oə/ || /œ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /ɕ/
|-
! Š š !! T t !! Ť ť !! U u !! Ue ue !! Ü ü !! V v !! W w
|-
| /ʃ/ || /t/ || /c/ || /u/ || /uə/ || /y/ || /v/ || /w/
|-
! Y y !! Z z !! Ź ź !! Ž ž
|-
| /ɪə/ || /z/ || /ʑ/ || /ʒ/
|}
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonants
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] !! [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
|-
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]]
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]] || [[w:Voiceless palatal stop|c]] || [[w:Voiced palatal stop|ɟ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]]
|-
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] [[w:Voiced alveopalatal fricative|ʑ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || || [[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]
|-
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]]
|-
! [[w:Trill|Trill]]
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
|}
*/x/ is in free variation with [χ].
*/r/ is in free variation with [ʁ].
*/h/ is realized as [ɦ] intervocalically.
*/l/ is realized as [ɫ] in coda.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowels
|-
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Unrounded vowel|unrounded]] !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Rounded vowel|rounded]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|High]]
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[w:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]] || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]]
| [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || || [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑː]]
|}
*Unstressed /i,y,u,{e,a},o/ are realized as [ɪ,ʏ,ʊ,ə,ɔ].
**[ə]-sonorant and [ə]-voiced fricative sequences are realized as syllabic consonants.
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Diphthongs
|-
| iə ɪə || uə
|-
| eə || oə
|-
| ɛi || œy
|-
| ai ɑːi || au ɑːu
|}
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Stress is variable but predominantly initial.
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Millennish maximal syllables are CCCVCCC; all CCC clusters contain /s/
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
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===Noun and verb phrases===
===Noun and verb phrases===
Possessors, numerals, and adjectives precede their head. Genitives and adverbs follow their head.
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
Dependent clauses directly follow their head.


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1===
===Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1===
'''All fulk fśa enn eliek in wyt enn rechten eburen. Je ešenkez miz fresteit enn weitech enn aich in broteršepes anz hannel anty.
{{interlinear
|All fulk fśa enn eliek in wyt enn rechten eburen.
|all person.PL free and alike in worth and right-PL bear.PASS
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|Je ešenkez miz fresteit enn weitech enn aich in broteršepes anz hannel anty.
|3PL.N endow.PASS with reason and conscience and ought in brothership-GEN spirit handle.INF other
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}}


===Linguifex-hosted translations===
===Linguifex-hosted translations===

Latest revision as of 15:00, 9 March 2024

Millennish
Millenneš
Pronunciation[ˈmɪlːn̩ːəʃ]
Created byDillon Hartwig
Date2021
SettingBrandenburg, Germany; Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland
Early form
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Millennish /ˈmɪlənɪʃ/ (Millennish: Millenneš [ˈmɪlːn̩ːəʃ]) is a Germanic language spoken in the Prussian historical region.

Etymology

Millennish is from Millenneš, from Old Millennish Midlendeskar, from Proto-Germanic *mid(ja)landiskaz.

Orthography

Millennish is written with the Latin script.

A a Aa aa Ai ai Aai aai Au au Aau aau B b Ch ch
/a/ /ɑː/ /ai/ /ɑːi/ /au/ /ɑːu/ /b/ /x/
D d Ď ď E e Ee ee Ei ei Eu eu F f H h
/d/ /ɟ/ /e/ /eə/ /ɛi/ /œy/ /f/ /h/
I i Ie ie J j K k L l Ľ ľ M m N n
/i/ /iə/ /j/ /k/ /l/ /ʎ/ /m/ /n/
Ň ň O o Oe oe Ö ö P p R r S s Ś ś
/ɲ/ /o/ /oə/ /œ/ /p/ /r/ /s/ /ɕ/
Š š T t Ť ť U u Ue ue Ü ü V v W w
/ʃ/ /t/ /c/ /u/ /uə/ /y/ /v/ /w/
Y y Z z Ź ź Ž ž
/ɪə/ /z/ /ʑ/ /ʒ/

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ
Stop p b t d c ɟ k
Fricative f v s z ʃ ɕ ʒ ʑ x h
Approximant w l j ʎ
Trill r
  • /x/ is in free variation with [χ].
  • /r/ is in free variation with [ʁ].
  • /h/ is realized as [ɦ] intervocalically.
  • /l/ is realized as [ɫ] in coda.

Vowels

Vowels
Front unrounded Front rounded Back
High i y u
Mid e œ o
Low a ɑː
  • Unstressed /i,y,u,{e,a},o/ are realized as [ɪ,ʏ,ʊ,ə,ɔ].
    • [ə]-sonorant and [ə]-voiced fricative sequences are realized as syllabic consonants.
Diphthongs
iə ɪə uə
eə oə
ɛi œy
ai ɑːi au ɑːu

Prosody

Stress is variable but predominantly initial.

Phonotactics

Millennish maximal syllables are CCCVCCC; all CCC clusters contain /s/

Morphology

Nouns

Pronouns

Verbs

Adjectives

Negation

Numerals

Syntax

Constituent order

Millennish word order is predominantly SVO, but is flexible in dialects that retain case marking.

Noun and verb phrases

Possessors, numerals, and adjectives precede their head. Genitives and adverbs follow their head.

Dependent clauses

Dependent clauses directly follow their head.

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1

All fulk fśa enn eliek in wyt enn rechten eburen. Je ešenkez miz fresteit enn weitech enn aich in broteršepes anz hannel anty.

All

all

fulk

person.PL

fśa

free

enn

and

eliek

alike

in

in

wyt

worth

enn

and

rechten

right-PL

eburen.

bear.PASS

All fulk fśa enn eliek in wyt enn rechten eburen.

all person.PL free and alike in worth and right-PL bear.PASS


Je

3PL.N

ešenkez

endow.PASS

miz

with

fresteit

reason

enn

and

weitech

conscience

enn

and

aich

ought

in

in

broteršepes

brothership-GEN

anz

spirit

hannel

handle.INF

anty.

other

Je ešenkez miz fresteit enn weitech enn aich in broteršepes anz hannel anty.

3PL.N endow.PASS with reason and conscience and ought in brothership-GEN spirit handle.INF other

Linguifex-hosted translations

Conlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translations

Other resources

CALS

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