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Minhast/Dialectology: Difference between revisions
→"The Twelve Speakers"
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| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' preserved; | | Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' preserved; | ||
Locative noun formed using verb root + IN ''-tappe'' | Locative noun formed using verb root + IN ''-tappe'', e.g. ''gubbattappe'' "battlefield" | ||
Preponderance of fossilized suffix ''-bat'' and allomorphs ''-mbat'', ''-umbat'' | Preponderance of fossilized suffix ''-bat'' and allomorphs ''-mbat'', ''-umbat'' | ||
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| Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' preserved; | | Fossilized suffix ''-ūy'' preserved; | ||
Locative noun formed using verb root + IN ''-tappe'' | Locative noun formed using verb root + IN ''-tappe''', e.g. ''gubbattappe'' "battlefield" | ||
Preponderance of fossilized suffix ''-bat'' and allomorphs ''-mbat'', ''-umbat'' | Preponderance of fossilized suffix ''-bat'' and allomorphs ''-mbat'', ''-umbat'' | ||
Phonemes /q/ and /χ/ appear in words of Seal Speaker origin, particularly in the northwestern portion of the ''karak'', now spreading apparently as a sound shift in words of Common and Salmonic origin. | Phonemes /q/ and /χ/ appear in words of Seal Speaker origin, particularly in the northwestern portion of the ''karak'', now spreading apparently as a sound shift in words of Common and Salmonic origin ,e.g. /qaraq/, c.f. Common /karak/ "tribal territory" | ||
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''Asr̥-Z''-type sandhi: word-final /sr̥/ mutates to /z/, sometimes accompanied by lengthening of previous vowel; | ''Asr̥-Z''-type sandhi: word-final /sr̥/ mutates to /z/, sometimes accompanied by lengthening of previous vowel; | ||
Realization of /rg/ as [ɣ], e.g. 'Anyāğ'' (from Stone Speaker ''Āhan Yārg'', the premier city-state in Stone Speaker Country) | Realization of /rg/ as [ɣ], e.g. ''Anyāğ'' (from Stone Speaker ''Āhan Yārg'', the premier city-state in Stone Speaker Country) | ||
Locative noun derived by adding Nominalizer ''-ru'' to verb stems; this suffix is found in no other dialect, possibly a borrowing from a substrate language; | Locative noun derived by adding Nominalizer ''-ru'' to verb stems, which often geminates while triggering assimilation of any preceding consonant, e.g. ''gubbarru'' "battlefield", c.f. Salmonic ''gubbattappe''; this suffix is found in no other dialect, possibly a borrowing from a substrate language; | ||
Presence of fossilized suffixes ''-met'' and ''-mut'', cognate with Horse Speaker ''-at'', ''-āt'', ''-mat'', ''-māt'', and Salmonic dialects' ''-bat'', ''-mbat'', ''-umbat'' | Presence of fossilized suffixes ''-met'' and ''-mut'', cognate with Horse Speaker ''-at'', ''-āt'', ''-mat'', ''-māt'', and Salmonic dialects' ''-bat'', ''-mbat'', ''-umbat'' | ||
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Habitative Affix ''-sun-''; | Habitative Affix ''-sun-''; | ||
Development of allophone [o] from /u/ in CVCC syllables or in word-final position | Development of allophone [o] from /u/ in CVCC syllables or in word-final position, e.g. ['uʃno],, ['oʃno], c.f. Common /'uʃnu/ "to hit, strike" | ||
Merger of /a:wa/ to /o/ | Merger of /a:wa/ to /o/ , e.g. /'kowat/ "iron", c.f. Common /kaw:at/ "steel" | ||
Word-initial /s/ becomes either /h/ or /Ø/ | Word-initial /s/ becomes either /h/ or /Ø/, e.g. /'aʃ:ijan/ "to sit", c.f. Common /'saʃ:ijan/ | ||
Large inventory of non-Minhast loanwords from Peshpeg, Golahat, and the newly discovered Corradi language (in combination, approximately 20% of the lexicon); the average number of loanwords in the other Lower Minhast dialects range from 3% to 5% | Large inventory of non-Minhast loanwords from Peshpeg, Golahat, and the newly discovered Corradi language (in combination, approximately 20% of the lexicon); the average number of loanwords in the other Lower Minhast dialects range from 3% to 5% | ||