5,464
edits
Minhast/Noun Incorporation: Difference between revisions
→Incorporation of Source
| Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
=== Incorporation of Source === | === Incorporation of Source === | ||
Classificatory noun incorporation, i.e. Type IV NI, occurs when the name of an overt toponym appears: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Kattek sap harraħketappekaru. | |||
| IPA = /kat:ek sap har:aħkɛtap:'ekaru/ | |||
| morphemes = kattek sap raħk-han-tappe-ek-ar-u | |||
| gloss = place.name this APPL.ABL-come-place-3MS.ACC+1S.NOM-PST-TRNS | |||
| translation = I came from this place (called) Kattek. | |||
}} | |||
Note that the Ablative Applicative has surfaced to promote the place, named "Kattek", from an ablative oblique argument, i.e. the Source, to a derived Absolutive. The incorporated noun ''tappe'' ("place, location"), has been incorporated to specify Kattek as a location. As Kattek is a proper noun, and proper nouns lie high on the animacy hierarchy, Type IV is allowed so that Kattek can be backgrounded and later retrieved as a core argument. | |||
=== Incorporation of Location === | === Incorporation of Location === | ||
Another example, where a noun whose thematic role is of a non-Patient role, but rather that of Location, can be incorporated by interaction with the semantics of a verb, is saššihurran (sašši-hūr-ar-an), lit. "sit-mountain-in.the.past-be". Its non-incorporated counterpart is ''hurki sašširan ''(hūr=ki sašši-ar-an), lit. "mountain=on sit-in.the.past-be". Notice that these verbs which are incorporating non-Patient nouns are usually locational, positional, or motion verbs. However, oblique noun incorporation in transitive verbs is also allowable, and the incorporated noun is usually an Instrument, e.g. Dūy kallustespirtirkaru "I ate the salmon with my hand(s)." The Patient argument ''dūy'' ("salmon"), retains its position as an independent noun phrase in the absolutive case, whilst the oblique argument ''sespir'' ("hand"), is an incorporated noun whose thematic role is that of Instrument. The valency of the sentence has not changed, as the transitive ''-u'' suffix is still retained. | Another example, where a noun whose thematic role is of a non-Patient role, but rather that of Location, can be incorporated by interaction with the semantics of a verb, is saššihurran (sašši-hūr-ar-an), lit. "sit-mountain-in.the.past-be". Its non-incorporated counterpart is ''hurki sašširan ''(hūr=ki sašši-ar-an), lit. "mountain=on sit-in.the.past-be". Notice that these verbs which are incorporating non-Patient nouns are usually locational, positional, or motion verbs. However, oblique noun incorporation in transitive verbs is also allowable, and the incorporated noun is usually an Instrument, e.g. Dūy kallustespirtirkaru "I ate the salmon with my hand(s)." The Patient argument ''dūy'' ("salmon"), retains its position as an independent noun phrase in the absolutive case, whilst the oblique argument ''sespir'' ("hand"), is an incorporated noun whose thematic role is that of Instrument. The valency of the sentence has not changed, as the transitive ''-u'' suffix is still retained. | ||