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Mono-Tiberian: Difference between revisions
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|setting = [[Verse:Lõis]] | |setting = [[Verse:Lõis]] | ||
|nativename = 漢語 | |nativename = 漢語 | ||
|pronunciation = / | |pronunciation = /θálʕɔ̂/ | ||
|region = | |region = | ||
|states = | |states = | ||
|speakers = | |speakers = | ||
|date = | |date = | ||
|script= | |script= | ||
|familycolor=sino-tibetan | |familycolor=sino-tibetan | ||
|fam1=Sino-Tibetan | |fam1=Sino-Tibetan | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sino-Tiberian''' (漢語 / | '''Sino-Tiberian''' (漢語 ''þalH⁺ȝoX⁻'' /θálʕɔ̂/) is a divergent descendant of Old Chinese with a Tiberian Hebrew-inspired phonology. | ||
==Todo== | |||
Min-like doublets from Middle Sino-Tiberian / Middle Chinese? | |||
Tone sandhi/word tones? | |||
Voiceless resonants | |||
Numbers: | Numbers: | ||
1 ʔit > | <poem> | ||
2 ni[j]-s > | 1 ʔit > ʔit - | ||
3 srum/sram > | 2 ni[j]-s > niH- | ||
4 s.lij-s > | 3 srum/sram > šom- | ||
5 C.ŋˁaʔ > | 4 s.lij-s > śiH- | ||
5 C.ŋˁaʔ > ȝoX+ | |||
6 luk- | 6 luk- | ||
7 | 7 sit- | ||
8 | 8 at- | ||
9 | 9 quX- | ||
10 tgəp > daP- (P is another tone that comes from loss of final p) | 10 tgəp > daP- (P is another tone that comes from loss of final p) | ||
</poem> | |||
==Diachronics== | |||
*Voiceless nasals > /f θ x/ | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Initials=== | ===Initials=== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 500px; " | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Laryngeal | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Nasal | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
| |'''m''' /m/ | |||
| |'''n''' /n/ | |||
| | | |||
| | | |||
| | | |||
| | | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| |'''hm''' | |||
| |'''hn''' | |||
| | | |||
| | | |||
| | | |||
| | | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |Plosive | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
|'''p''' /p/ | |||
|'''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
|'''k''' /k/ | |||
| | |||
| /ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
|'''b''' /b/ | |||
|'''d''' /d/ | |||
| | |||
|'''g''' /g/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! <small>emphatic</small> | |||
| | |||
|'''ṭ''' /tʼ/ | |||
| | |||
|'''q''' /kʼ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Spirant | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
|'''f''' /f/ | |||
|'''þ''' /θ/ | |||
| | |||
|'''x''' /x/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
|'''v''' /v/ | |||
|'''ð''' /ð/ | |||
| | |||
|'''γ''' /ɣ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |Fricative | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| | |||
|'''s''' /s/ | |||
|'''š''' /ʃ/ | |||
| | |||
|'''ħ''' /ħ/ | |||
|'''h''' /h/ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
|'''z''' /z~dz/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! <small>emphatic</small> | |||
| | |||
|'''ṣ''' /tsʼ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Trill | |||
| | |||
|'''r''' /r~ɾ/, '''hr''' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| | |||
| '''l''' /l/, '''hl''' /ɬ/ | |||
| '''y''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
|colspan=2| '''għ''' /ʕ~ɦ/ | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
Tiberian Hebrew vowels minus ultrashorts | Tiberian Hebrew vowels minus ultrashorts, written i ie e a o uo u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/ | ||
===Finals=== | ===Finals=== | ||
-m -n -3 -l -y -w -t -k | -m -n -3 -l -y -w -t -k | ||
=== Tones === | |||
Historically 8: {0 X H P} x {+- voicing}, but merged into 5 | |||
[[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Sino-Tibetan languages]] | [[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Sino-Tibetan languages]] | ||