138,726
edits
Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Tense
m (→Sandhi) |
m (→Tense) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Windermere sidebar}} | {{Windermere sidebar}} | ||
'''Classical Windermere''' ('''CWdm''', native name: ''wănaang Dămee'' /wɔnaʱŋ dɔˈmeʱ/; Modern Wdm.: ''fi cduay | '''Classical Windermere''' ('''CWdm''', native name: ''wănaang Dămee'' /wɔnaʱŋ dɔˈmeʱ/; Modern Wdm.: ''fi cduay Impida'' 'the language of the Pida (Sages)' or 'the pidaic language'; [[Skellan]]: ''a łynǿñ Dymée ryn Byðá'') is a standardized variety of Windermere based on the language of Windermere texts written from ca. fT -300 through fT 500. Alongside its relative [[Classical Tseer]], Classical Windermere served as a lingua franca of learning, governance, law, and religion in premodern Talma and lent many words to other Talman languages. Later Classical Windermere borrowed many words from Classical Tseer. | ||
Why ă more common than ı? | Why ă more common than ı? | ||
| Line 446: | Line 446: | ||
*''drong'' 'kernel' > ''tăngrădong'' 'kernels' | *''drong'' 'kernel' > ''tăngrădong'' 'kernels' | ||
Suppletive plurals: | Suppletive plurals: | ||
*'' | *''croθ'' 'person' > ''hĭngüs'' 'people' | ||
Concatenative plurals (especially for longer words): | Concatenative plurals (especially for longer words): | ||
*'' | *''păltsiφ'' 'merchant' > ''impăltsiφ'' 'merchants' | ||
====Gender==== | ====Gender==== | ||
| Line 481: | Line 481: | ||
Example: | Example: | ||
*Present = Perfect: ''plang'' 'stands; (has) stood'; feminine ''uplang'' | *Present = Perfect: ''plang'' 'stands; (has) stood'; feminine ''uplang'' | ||
*Imperfect: ''plăplang'' 'was standing; had stood' (from PLak reduplication for iterative); feminine '' | *Imperfect: ''plăplang'' 'was standing; had stood' (from PLak reduplication for iterative); feminine ''wăpinglang'' | ||
*Future: ''hepălang'' 'will stand' (from ''heφ-'' future tense marker + nominal grade ''pälŋ'' of root √''pläŋ''); feminine ''wepălang'' | *Future: ''hepălang'' 'will stand' (from ''heφ-'' future tense marker + nominal grade ''pälŋ'' of root √''pläŋ''); feminine ''wepălang'' | ||
*Infinitive: ''pălang'' (from nominal grade *pälng) | *Infinitive: ''pălang'' (from nominal grade *pälng) | ||
| Line 531: | Line 531: | ||
*''θu-'' = intensive | *''θu-'' = intensive | ||
*''pĭ-'' (agentive; triggers voicing of following voiceless stops ''p t c'' to ''b d g'') | *''pĭ-'' (agentive; triggers voicing of following voiceless stops ''p t c'' to ''b d g'') | ||
**''da'' (know) -> ''pĭda'' 'sage' | **''da'' (know) -> ''pĭda'' 'sage' | ||
**''tüθ'' (to grasp) -> ''pĭdüθ'' 'meaning, intention' | **''tüθ'' (to grasp) -> ''pĭdüθ'' 'meaning, intention' | ||
*''ha-'' (passive) | *''ha-'' (passive) | ||