Naeng/Classical: Difference between revisions

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{{Windermere sidebar}}
{{Windermere sidebar}}
'''Classical Windermere''' ('''CWdm''', native name: ''wănaang Dămee'' /wɔnaʱŋ dɔˈmeʱ/; Modern Wdm.: ''fi wănäng Impida'' 'the language of the Pida (Sages)'; [[Skellan]]: ''a łynǿñ Dymée ryn Byðá'') is a standardized variety of Windermere based on the language of Windermere texts written from ca. fT -300 through fT 500. Alongside its relative [[Classical Tseer]], Classical  Windermere served as a lingua franca of learning, governance, law, and religion in premodern Talma and lent many words to other Talman languages. Later Classical Windermere borrowed many words from Classical Tseer.
'''Classical Windermere''' ('''CWdm''', native name: ''wănaang Dămee'' /wɔnaʱŋ dɔˈmeʱ/; Modern Wdm.: ''fi wănäng Impida'' 'the language of the Pida (Sages)'; [[Skellan]]: ''a łynǿñ Dymée ryn Byðá'') is a standardized variety of Windermere based on the language of Windermere texts written from ca. fT -300 through fT 500. Alongside its relative [[Classical Tseer]], Classical  Windermere served as a lingua franca of learning, governance, law, and religion in premodern Talma and lent many words to other Talman languages. Later Classical Windermere borrowed many words from Classical Tseer.
Especially in its religious register, it was influenced by [[Tigol]].


== Todo ==
== Todo ==
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! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
!  |Labial
!  |Labial
!  |Dental
!  |Alveolar
!  |Alveolar
!  |Lateral
!  |Palatal
!  |Palatal
!  |Velar
!  |Velar
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|  
|  
| '''ts''' /ts̪/
| '''ts''' /ts̪/
| '''tł''' /ts̺~ʈʂ/
| '''tł''' //
|  
|  
|  
|  
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|  
|  
| '''s''' /s̪/
| '''s''' /s̪/
| '''ł''' /s̺~ʂ/
| '''ł''' /ɬ/
| '''ș''' /ʃ/
| '''ș''' /ʃ/
|  
|  
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Concatenative plurals (especially for longer words):
Concatenative plurals (especially for longer words):
*''păltsiφ'' 'merchant' > ''impăltsiφ'' 'merchants'
*''păltsiφ'' 'merchant' > ''impăltsiφ'' 'merchants'
*''neeχ-snooχ'' 'man of learning' > ''luc-snooχ''


====Gender====
====Gender====
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*1sg: ''rĭ-'' +V
*1sg: ''rĭ-'' +V
*2sg: ''hĭ-'' +V (m), ''hĭ-'' (f)
*2sg: ''hĭ-'' +V (m), ''hĭ-'' (f)
*3sg: ''ĭ-'' +V (m), ''ĭ-'' (f)
*3sg: ''ĭ-'' +V (m), ''ĭs-'' (f)
*1pl exclusive: ''tsă-'' +V
*1pl exclusive: ''tsă-'' +V
*1pl inclusive: ''su-'' +V (from a fossilized ''seew'' 'here')
*1pl inclusive: ''su-'' +V (from a fossilized ''seew'' 'here')
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====Prepositions====
====Prepositions====
Classical Windermere had inflected prepositions, like [[Tigol]] and most modern Talmic languages and unlike Modern Windermere. Some prepositions had suppletive forms when inflected.
Classical Windermere had inflected prepositions, like [[Tigol]] and most modern Talmic languages. Some prepositions had suppletive forms when inflected.


The regular pronominal affixes:
The regular pronominal affixes:
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*''șa'' 'to, for': ''șar, șał, șăłes, șan, șas, șatsa, șbang, șăłam, șăłam, șănam, șăsam''
*''șa'' 'to, for': ''șar, șał, șăłes, șan, șas, șatsa, șbang, șăłam, șăłam, șănam, șăsam''
*''φa'' 'from': ''ăχir, ăχeł, ăχłes, ăχin, ăχis, ăχtsa, ăχbang, ăχłam, ăχłam, ăχnam, ăχsam''
*''φa'' 'from': ''ăχir, ăχeł, ăχłes, ăχin, ăχis, ăχtsa, ăχbang, ăχłam, ăχłam, ăχnam, ăχsam''
*''ya'' 'with: ''yăngir, yăngeł, yăngłes, yăngin, yăngis, yăngtsa, yăbang, yăłam; yănam, yăsam''


Sometimes variant forms with -ng- show up: e.g. ''șăngłam'' or ''șăngar''
Sometimes variant forms with -ng- show up: e.g. ''șăngłam'' or ''șăngar''
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
The usual word order was VSO, unlike Modern Windermere's SVO. The syntax is generally Mishnaic Hebrew-like.
The usual word order is VOS (assuming the topic is the subject), unlike Modern Windermere's SVO. The syntax is generally Mishnaic Hebrew-like but it's topic-final.


==Sample texts==
==Sample texts==
==="The Round Table", from the ''Imθumitil''===
==="The Round Table", from the ''Imθumitil''===
The following story is from the [[Verse:Tricin/Imθumitil|Imθumitil]], a major Talman religious text.
(The following story is from the [[Verse:Tricin/Imθumitil|Imθumitil]], a major Talman religious text.)
 
Ngiiθ dur mogor se taχ χaaθ. "Măra łĭnam?" tăbits φin Pĭda Brăwid.
 
Mi-ăngnuung căχθaaθ năθa emrĭtsal sen doon: "Șrüχ te-stiiw: taχ mognas, θaφ te-müts θraaφ, liw stăliiw, θaφ te-müts sălmeχ, taχ mălüüts, doon tălaχ."
 
"Ǎna mee ra, srü hĭdeen croθ năθa?" tăbits φin Pĭda Brăwid.
 
"Op cănga, φin Pĭda: tsor pădiχ φnărtaang, te ămsaχ păχwădiχ năθa ya φin croθ φi!" eφθooc φin χaaθ.


''Ngiiθ dur se taχ χaaθ mogor. Tăbiits φin Pĭda Brăwid: "Măra łĭnam?" Mi-ăngnuung căχθaaθ năθa emrĭtsal sen doon: "Șrüχ te-stiiw: taχ mognas, θaφ te-müts θraaφ, liw stăliiw, θaφ te-müts mălsaaχ, taχ mălüüts, doon tălaχ." Tăbits φin Pĭda Brăwid: "Ǎna mee ra, srü hĭdeen croθ năθa?" Eφθooc φin χaaθ, "Op cănga, φin Pĭda: tsor pădiχ φnărtaang, te ămsaχ păχwădiχ năθa ya φin croθ φi!" Esngim φin Pĭda Brăwid șa φin χaaθ șa-ngiil, "Ăruy șa-χaaθ ses tsărüng te sen θăpal φănaw φănaw."''
"Ăruy șa-χaaθ ses tsărüng te sen θăpal φănaw φănaw." esngim
șa φin χaaθ φin Pĭda Brăwid.


====Gloss====
====Gloss====
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