@@ Line 414: / Line 414: @@
 * -no: Diminutive suffix, e.g. ''kuras'' (woman), ''kurasno'' (girl)
 * -CV(C) reduplication: Augmentive, e.g. ''kurasras'' (big woman); analogous to Minhast augmentation
-* -ra-CV(C) infixation + reduplication: Augmentive-Deprecative: nahón -> na-ra-hón-ho (big/fat, ugly man); very similar to Minhast ''-ra-'' infixation and reduplication of first syllable, e.g. Minhast ''kas~ka~ra-slub'' "large dog, hunting hound" < ''kaslub'' "dog"
+* -rV-CV(C) infixation + reduplication: Augmentive-Deprecative: ''nahón'' -> ''nannarohono'', from ''na~na~ro-hón-ho'' (big/fat ugly man); similar to Minhast ''-ra-'' infixation and reduplication of first syllable, e.g. Minhast ''kas~ka~ra-slub'' "large dog, hunting hound" < ''kaslub'' "dog"
 ==== Adjectival Suffixes ====
-Nankôre lacks a separate word class for adjectives.  They may be expressed as attributive verbs, e.g. ''Aryak neshkak itá'', "Aryak is smart", ''Kanko shoykar sip'itá''', "Kanko (an indigenous vegetable) makes good" (for your health), or a suffix may be attached to the noun it modifies.  These suffixes are called adjectival suffixes.  Some of these suffixes are etymologically derived from an attributive verb, e.g. ''-kerek'' > ''karyak itá'' "to be red".  Others appear to be derived from separate roots, c.f. "''Aryak-arku''", ("clever Aryak") vs ''"Aryak neshkak itá"'' ("Aryak is clever").  Theoretically an unlimited number of suffixes may be appended to the noun, but in practice the number of adjectival suffixes seldom exceeds three.  The  suffixes may appear in any order, so long as the meaning is comprehensible.  Nevertheless it appears that scope determines the ordering of the suffixes: suffixes with wider scope tend to appear towards the end e.g. "''Kenenkor-pita-shune-une itá''" (bed plush-red-soft-very 3S.COP ) "It is a very soft, red and plush bed."
+Nankôre lacks a separate word class for adjectives.  They may be expressed as attributive verbs, e.g. ''Aryak neshkak itá'', "Aryak is smart", ''Kanko shoykar sip'itá''', "Kanko (an indigenous vegetable) makes good" (for your health), or a suffix may be attached to the noun it modifies.  These suffixes are called adjectival suffixes.  Some of these suffixes are etymologically derived from an attributive verb, e.g. ''karyak itá'' > ''-kerek'' >, as in ''Kurasnokerek '' "the girl is red" (i.e. the girl is blushing).  Others appear to be derived from separate roots, c.f. "''Aryak-arku''", ("clever Aryak") vs ''"Aryak neshkak itá"'' ("Aryak is clever").  Theoretically an unlimited number of suffixes may be appended to the noun, but in practice the number of adjectival suffixes seldom exceeds three.  The  suffixes may appear in any order, so long as the meaning is comprehensible.  Scope ordering determines the position of the suffixes relative to each other, with those of wider scope appearing towards the end, as in the following example:
+{{Gloss
+|phrase = Kenenkorpitasnune iná'.
+| IPA = /kɛnɛnkorpɪtaʃ'nunɛ ɪ'naʔ/
+| morphemes = kenenkor-pita-snu-ne iná
+| gloss = bed-plush-red-soft-very COP
+| translation = It is a very soft, red and plush bed.
+}}
 While the number of adjectival suffixes are considerable, they remain for the most part a closed class.  Moreover, with a few exceptions, each adjectival suffix may be expressed by a corresponding stative verb.
+{{Gloss
+|phrase = Hosiari sikenenkorpitasnune iná torocak ta'itāhi.
+| IPA = /ho'ʃari sɪkɛnɛnkorpɪtaʃ'nunɛ ɪ'naʔ torot͡ʃak taʔɪt'a:hi/
+| morphemes = hosiari si-kenenkor-pita-snu-ne iná ta-horoci=ak ta-itá'-hi
+| gloss = PROX.DEM CONN-bed-plush-red-soft-very COP INV-sleep=1S+3S INV-AUX-CAUS
+| translation = This very soft, red and plush bed makes me sleep (well).
+}}
 There are seven observed categories of adjectival suffixes:
@@ Line 431: / Line 448: @@
 # Other Attributes
-===Deictics===
+===Demonstratives and Deictics===
 ===== Spatial =====
@@ Line 439: / Line 456: @@
 |-
 ! '''Proximal '''
-| hosiayri <br/> /ho'ʃjaɪɾi/
+| hosiairi <br/> /ho'ʃjaɪɾi/
 | =skoro
 |
@@ Line 445: / Line 462: @@
 * now
 |
-* ''nan=iskoro'' "this man here"
+*  ''hosiari sinán <br/>nan=iskoro'' "this man here"
 * ''oriyat=hepi'' "today"
 |
@@ Line 452: / Line 469: @@
 |-
 ! '''Medio-Proximal'''
-| yaiyayri
+| yaiyairi
 | =hori <br/> =ori
 |
@@ Line 458: / Line 475: @@
 * just awhile ago
 |
-* ''nan=hori'' "that man next to you"
+* ''yaiyairi sinán<br/> nan=hori'' "that man next to you"
 |
 * Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-eyyar-, -yyar-''
@@ Line 464: / Line 481: @@
 |-
 ! '''Distal'''
-| paypayri
+| paipairi
 | =nko <br/> =kekori
 |
@@ Line 470: / Line 487: @@
 * yesterday, a few days ago
 |
-*''nan=inko'' "yonder man""
+*''paipairi sinán'' <br/>''nan=inko'' "yonder man"
 |
 * Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-ppeyyar-''
@@ Line 476: / Line 493: @@
 |-
 ! '''Invisible'''
-| rosiayri <br/> /ɾoʃ'jaɪɾi/
+| rosiairi <br/> /ɾoʃ'jaɪɾi/
 |
 =nanak
@@ Line 482: / Line 499: @@
 * that one beyond the horizon, <br/>or occluded by a distant object
 |
-* ''nan=nanak'' "that man <br/>(e.g. on the other side <br/> of the mountain)"
+* ''rosiairi sinán <br/> nan=nanak'' "that man <br/>(e.g. on the other side <br/> of the mountain)"
 |
 * Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-ruššar-''
@@ Line 568: / Line 585: @@
 |-
 ! Many
-| etco
+| eco
-| etcisi=<br/> etci=<br/>etc=
+| ecisi=<br/> eci=<br/>ec=
 |-
 ! Both
@@ Line 581: / Line 598: @@
 ! Few
 | cato
-| catci=<br/>catc=
+| caci=<br/>cac=
 |-
 ! Another/Other
@@ Line 641: / Line 658: @@
 {{Gloss
-|phrase =Ka tahone, ra' taspitá?
+|phrase =Kā tahône, ra' tasip'itá'?
-| IPA = ka ta'ɦo:nɛ ɾaʔ taʃpɪ'ta
+| IPA = ka: ta'ɦo:nɛ ɾaʔ taʃɪpʔ'ɪta
-| morphemes = Ka ta=honé, ra'  ta-sp-Ø-itá-ʔ
+| morphemes = kā ta=hone, ra'  ta-sip-Ø-itá-ʔ
 | gloss = 2S INV.SG=cry who INV-CAUS-HS-COP-LS
 | translation = Who is making you cry?
 }}
-The following two sentences are polarity questions, with no difference in meaning. The third sentence, containing both polarity markers ''=yo'' and sentence-final particle ''ani'', implies incredulity:
+The following two sentences are polarity questions, with no difference in meaning. The third sentence, containing both polarity markers ''=yo'' and sentence-final particle ''aní'', implies incredulity:
 {{Gloss
@@ Line 716: / Line 733: @@
 Among the Interrogative pronouns, ''ra' '' ranks the highest in animacy;  nevertheless, Interrogative pronouns are lower than non-Interrogative nouns in the animacy hierarchy.
-''Yôri-'' is always prefixed to the noun it modifies and can never appear as an independent word. It can be prefixed to ''pôh'' and ''ra' '', i.e. ''yôripoh'' and ''yôra' '', where it takes the meaning "which one", ''yôripoh'' for Noun Classes II and III, the sentient members of Class I, and ''yôra''' for the rest.
+''Yôri-'' is always prefixed to the noun it modifies and can never appear as an independent word. It can be prefixed to ''pôh'' and ''ra' '', i.e. ''yôripoh'' and ''yôra''<nowiki>'</nowiki> where it takes the meaning "which one", ''yôripoh'' for Noun Classes II and III, the sentient members of Class I, and ''yôra''<nowiki>'</nowiki> for the rest.
+<!--
+=== Demonstratives ===
+Attributive
+{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
+!
+!  Pronominal !! Attributive<ref>The attributive forms derive from the pronominal + ''si-'' connective.  Note that the connective cliticizes to the demonstrative, not the noun head as expected.</ref> !! Adverbial <ref>The adverbial ''-e'' suffix derives from a putative ''*e='' (c.f. Minhast ''eyha'' "there is/are") that cliticized to the pronominal form.</ref> !! Minhast Cognates
+|-
+! Proximal
+|| hāpe || hapsi || hāpe, hape || sappu
+|-
+! Medioproximal
+|| nas || napsi || nāse, nase || naš
+|-
+! Distal
+|| yas || yapsi ||yāse, yase || wašia
+|-
+! Invisible
+|| ucce, ucca || ucci || ucce  || suxta <!-- from *husta, c.f. Minhast suxta "thither", x(Minhast) vs h/0(Nan.), št(Min.) vs cc(Nan.)
+|}
+-->
 === Pronouns ===
@@ Line 747: / Line 789: @@
 |-
 ! 2S
-| ekká' || --|| kanko || korí || kanná || kanné || -- || kanenko || kâre
+| ekká' <br/> kā <br/> ka || --|| kanko <br/> kā <br/> ka || korí || kanná || kanné || -- || kanenko || kâre
 |-
 ! 3S
-| ekenko|| kanko || -- || enkará || enko || nenko || kanenko || -- || kankór
+| ekenko|| kanko <br/> kā <br/> ka || -- || enkará || enko || nenko || kanenko || -- || kankór
 |-
 ! 4S
@@ Line 793: / Line 835: @@
 |-
 ! 3
-| style="text-align:center"| enko  || =ko <br/>=na || enká || =enká <br/> =ka
+| style="text-align:center"| enko  || =ko <br/>=na || enká || =enká <br/> =nka <br/> =ka
 |-
 ! 4
@@ Line 805: / Line 847: @@
 ===Verbs===
-The verb phrase in Nankôre require at a minimum an initial verb, plus one of the clause-final auxiliaries, '' 'itá' '' for transitive clauses, and '' 'iná'' '.  An initial verb may be the main verb itself, or an auxiliary.  A sort of division of labor exists between these components; one set of clitics or affixes may attach to one of the components, and another set to the other component.
+The verb phrase in Nankôre requires at a minimum an initial verb, plus one of the clause-final auxiliaries, '' 'itá' '' for transitive clauses or intransitive clauses where the subject's theta-role is that of Agent, and '' 'iná'' ' for all other intransitive clauses.  A sort of division of labor exists between these components; one set of clitics or affixes may attach to one of the components, and another set to the other component.
 The following set of markers cliticize to the first verb of the VP, which may be either the main verb, or a coverb.  All preverbal clitics attach to the the initial verb:
@@ Line 1,125: / Line 1,167: @@
 {{Gloss
-|phrase = Kattá tuas sitá', yankór<ref>From reconstructed P-Nahenic *''wa=man=kor'' (CONN=SEQ=and.yet).</ref> seskoro sioykar ináka.
+|phrase = Ekenko tuas sitá', yankór<ref>From reconstructed P-Nahenic *''wa=man=kor'' (CONN=SEQ=and.yet).</ref> seskoro sioykar ináka.
-| IPA = kat.'ta tuaʃ 'ʃi'taʔ yan'koɾ 'ʃɛʃkoɾo 'ʃoɪkaɾ ɪ'naka
+| IPA = Ekenko tuaʃ 'ʃi'taʔ yan'koɾ 'ʃɛʃkoɾo 'ʃoɪkaɾ ɪ'naka
-| morphemes = kattá tuas s=itá' yankór se=skoro sioykar iná-ka.
+| morphemes = ekenko tuas s-itá' yankór se=skoro sioykar iná-ka.
-| gloss = 1S.3S wash.out try AUX.TRN however reed=DEM.PROX good be-NEG.
+| gloss = 1S.3S wash.out CON-AUX.TRN however reed=DEM.PROX good be-NEG.
 | translation = I'm trying to wash (the stain) out, but this reed brush isn't good.
 }}
@@ Line 1,204: / Line 1,246: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | itá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | itán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | itá'ita'
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | sip'itá' (pis'itá')
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | sip'itán  (pis'itán)
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | sip'itá'ita  (pis'itá'ita')
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitá'ita'
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitá'ita'
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnitá' (pisnitá')
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnitán (pisnitán)
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnitá'ita' (pisnitá'ita')
 |-
 |  colspan="2" rowspan="3"  style="width:64.01pt; background-color:black " |
@@ Line 1,235: / Line 1,277: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’itá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’itán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’itá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | castá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | castán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | castá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | taspitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | taspitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | taspitá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnitá'ita
 |-
 !  rowspan="11" style="width:64.01pt; " | Hodiernal Past ‡
@@ Line 1,268: / Line 1,310: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hô'itá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hô'itán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hô'itá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yôsitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yôsitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yôsitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hôsipnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hôsipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hôsipnitá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hô'intá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hô'intán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hô'intá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yôsintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yôsintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yôsintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hôsipnintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hôsipnintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hôsipnintá'ita
 |-
 |  colspan="2" rowspan="3"  style="width:64.01pt; background-color:black " |
@@ Line 1,299: / Line 1,341: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahô'itá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahô'itán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahô'itá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | costá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | costán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | costá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhópsintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhópsintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhópsintá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahô'intá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahô'intán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahô'intá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | cosnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | cosnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | cosnitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhópsintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhópsintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhópsintá'ita
 |-
 !  rowspan="11" style="width:64.01pt; " | Past
@@ Line 1,332: / Line 1,374: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnitá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | nintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | sipnintá'ita
 |-
 |  colspan="2" rowspan="3"  style="width:64.01pt; background-color:black " |
@@ Line 1,363: / Line 1,405: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’nitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’nitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’nitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasipnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasipnitá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnintá'ita
 |-
 !  rowspan="11" style="width:64.01pt; " | Medio-Distal Past
@@ Line 1,396: / Line 1,438: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hispitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisiptán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisiptá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisipnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisipnitá'ita
 |-
 |  colspan="2" rowspan="3"  style="width:64.01pt; background-color:black " |
@@ Line 1,427: / Line 1,469: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | castá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | castán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | castá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasiphitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasiphitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasiphitá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | casintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casintan
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casinta'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsiphintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsiphintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsiphintá'ita
 |-
 !  rowspan="11" style="width:64.01pt; " | Distal Past
@@ Line 1,460: / Line 1,502: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | pitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisiptá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisiptan
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisipta'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | pintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisipnitá
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisipnitá'ita
 |-
 |  colspan="2" rowspan="3"  style="width:64.01pt; background-color:black " |
@@ Line 1,491: / Line 1,533: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’pitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’pitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’pitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | caspitá
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casipnitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsintá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsintán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsintá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | casipnitá
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casipnitá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitá'
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitá'ita
 |-
 !  rowspan="11" style="width:64.01pt; " | Medio-Proximal Future
@@ Line 1,524: / Line 1,566: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | nisiptáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nisiptahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nisiptahá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | nintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nintahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitahá
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | nisipnitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nisipnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | nisipnitahá'ita
 |-
 |  colspan="2" rowspan="3"  style="width:64.01pt; background-color:black " |
@@ Line 1,555: / Line 1,597: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’nitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tantahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tantahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasipnitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasipnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tasipnitahá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tānintahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnintáhan
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | casnintáha'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāsipnintahá'ita
 |-
 !  rowspan="11" style="width:64.01pt; " | Immediate Future
@@ Line 1,588: / Line 1,630: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yistahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisipitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisiptahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisiptahá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hintahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yisnitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | hispintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisipnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | hisipnitahá'ita
 |-
 |  colspan="2" rowspan="3"  style="width:64.01pt; background-color:black " |
@@ Line 1,619: / Line 1,661: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | castáh
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | castáh
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahisipitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahisiptahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tahisiptahá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhintahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | cahsintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | cahsintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | cahsintahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhispintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhisipnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāhisipnitahá'ita
 |-
 !  rowspan="12" style="width:64.01pt; " | Distal Future
@@ Line 1,652: / Line 1,694: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | pitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsitahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisiptáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisiptahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisiptahá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | pintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pintahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsiptáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsiptahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | yipsiptahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisipnitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisipnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | pisipnitahá'ita
 |-
 |  colspan="2" rowspan="3"  style="width:64.01pt; background-color:black " |
@@ Line 1,683: / Line 1,725: @@
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | SG
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | ta’pitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | taptahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | taptahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | capsitáh
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | capsitaháh
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tapsiptáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tapsiptahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tapsiptahá'ita
 |-
 !  style="width:64.01pt; " | PL
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāpintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāpintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tāpintahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | capsintáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | capsintahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | capsintahá'ita
 |  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitáh
-|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitahán
+|  style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitahá'ita
 |}
@@ Line 1,803: / Line 1,845: @@
 |}
 ===== Intransitive-Stative Paradigm=====
+Intransitive verb structures involve pairing a semantically stative or non-agentive verb with the auiliary ''iná''', a root cognate with the Minhast intransitive verbal ending ''-an''.
 The intransitive paradigm of the auxiliary is listed in the table below:
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
@@ Line 1,903: / Line 1,946: @@
 ===== Nominalization =====
 Nankôre has a rich set of clitics and suffixes that serve as nominalizers.  They are, in order of frequency:
+* ''-pe'': Clausal relativizer, cognate with Minhast ''=naft''
+{{Gloss
+|phrase = Nan issiah pinninnináh'''pe''' pirút taporé ta'itá'.
+| IPA =
+| morphemes = nan issiah pinninnináh-pe pirút ta-poré ta-'itá'
+| gloss = man come COP.FUT-NMLZ sasquatch INV-vanquish INV-COP
+| translation = The (next) man who comes here shall defeat the Sasquatch.
+}}
 * ''-hi''<ref>Not to be confused for Irrealis ''-hi'', which suffixes to the ''itá'/iná' '' auxiliaries.</ref><ref>Cognate with Minhast gerundial ''-x-''</ref>: attaches directly to a verb root to derive participles
 * ''-hici'': Derives instruments from verb roots, a compound of ''-hi-'' and a submorpheme ''-ci'', possibly derived from ''kaci'' "path"
@@ Line 1,952: / Line 2,005: @@
 ! Striking
 | ya-
-| shipa "hand"
+| sipa "hand"
-| ya-shpa
+| ya-spa
 | to punch
 | Minhast, Horse Speaker dialect: ''wi-šnu'' "to strike, hit" (Minhast ''išna'' "fist", "knuckles")
@@ Line 1,962: / Line 2,015: @@
 | ha-nake
 | to scoot along the floor with one's foot; to kick around
-| Nahónda: ''ho-shishpa'' "to give" ''shishp'' = hand; c.f. Minhast ''sespir'' = hand, Nankôre ''shipa'' = hand
+| Nahónda: ''ho-shishpa'' "to give" ''shishp'' = hand; c.f. Minhast ''sespir'' = hand, Nankôre ''sipa'' = hand
 |-
 ! Stability
@@ Line 1,983: / Line 2,036: @@
 === Numbers ===
-The Nankôre number system is dozenal, i.e. base-12.  The numbers thirteen through twenty-three are modified compounds consisting of the unit numbers ''shori'' (1) through ''shiktash'' (11) compounded to ''shin'' (12).  The number twenty-four ''hanoshin'' can be analyzed as ''han-o-shin'', where the affix ''-o-'' signifies "multiplied by", so ''hanoshin'' literally means "two times twelve".  The multiplicative pattern continues until the number 144, which is called ''nakpa''.  The number 100 (''nenanoshin >> nena ān-o-shin'') is literally "four (and) eight times twelve".  The ordinals for the numbers 1-7 are the cardinal numbers suffixed by ''-ak'' or ''-ok''.  Numbers 8-11 are the cardinal numbers suffixed with the ending ''-u''.  The ordinal for the number 12 is again suffixed with ''-ok'', and the higher numbers with ''-nok''.  If the ''-nok'' affix is preceded by a consonant followed by ''-i-'', the ''-i-'' may be dropped, provided that this does not form the impermissible consonant cluster -CCC- sequence.
+The Nankôre number system is dozenal, i.e. base-12.  The numbers thirteen through twenty-three are modified compounds consisting of the unit numbers ''siori'' (1) through ''siktas'' (11) compounded to ''sin'' (12).  The number twenty-four ''hanosin'' can be analyzed as ''han-o-sin'', where the affix ''-o-'' signifies "multiplied by", so ''hanosin'' literally means "two times twelve".  The multiplicative pattern continues until the number 144, which is called ''nakpa''.  The number 100 (''nenanosin >> nena ān-o-sin'') is literally "four (and) eight times twelve".  The ordinals for the numbers 1-7 are the cardinal numbers suffixed by ''-ak'' or ''-ok''.  Numbers 8-11 are the cardinal numbers suffixed with the ending ''-u''.  The ordinal for the number 12 is again suffixed with ''-ok'', and the higher numbers with ''-nok''.  If the ''-nok'' affix is preceded by a consonant followed by ''-i-'', the ''-i-'' may be dropped, provided that this does not form the impermissible consonant cluster -CCC- sequence.
 {|class="bluetable lightbluebg"
@@ Line 1,991: / Line 2,044: @@
 |-
 !  one
-|  šôri
+|  siôri
-|  šoriak
+|  sioriak
 |-
 !  two
@@ Line 2,007: / Line 2,060: @@
 |-
 !   five
-|  sišak
+|  sisiak
 |  catak
 |-
 !   six
-|  sirišo
+|  sirisio
-|  siiršok
+|  siirsiok
 |-
 !   seven
-|  kerišo
+|  kerisio
-|  kiršok
+|  kirsiok
 |-
 !   eight
@@ Line 2,027: / Line 2,080: @@
 |-
 !   ten
-|  kaše
+|  kase	 /'kaʃɛ/
 |  kasku
 |-
@@ Line 2,039: / Line 2,092: @@
 |-
 !  thirteen
-|  šorsin
+|  siorsin
-|  šorsinok
+|  siorsinok
 |-
 !   fourteen
@@ Line 2,106: / Line 2,159: @@
 Nankóre's connective ''si='' has no known cognates, and unlike its sister languages, ''si='' is not restricted to joining NPs or complex, non-verbal phrases.  While the dependency relation in a ''si='' construction may be discernible, often the directionality is ambiguous and thus context must be used to disambiguate, or other morphosyntactic devices, such as the co-occurrence of the inverse marker ''ta' '' in possessive phrases.
+<!--
 Interestingly, some NP phrases where one would expect a connective to appear are absent.  A notable example is ''Hôkun Pe' '', literally "long house", rather than the expected ''hokun si-Pe' '', which is uncommon.  The expected form is ''Pe' hokun iná' '', lit. "The house (that) is long".
+-->
 ====Other Particles====
@@ Line 2,124: / Line 2,179: @@
 |-
 ! na
-| and
+| and <br/> so, therefore
 | Nahónda ''máma'' "also", Common Minhast ''=mā'' "and then"
 |-
@@ Line 2,236: / Line 2,291: @@
 ==Example texts==
+=== The Tower of Babel ===
+# Now the whole earth had one language and the same words.
+# And as people migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there.
+# And they said to one another, "Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly." And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar.
+# Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be dispersed over the face of the whole earth."
+# And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of man had built.
+# And the Lord said, "Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language, and this is only the beginning of what they will do. And nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them.
+# Come, let us go down and there confuse their language, so that they may not understand one another's speech."
+# So the Lord dispersed them from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city.
+# Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth. And from there the Lord dispersed them over the face of all the earth.
+<br/>
+# Saska nammanuyyi nan siôri si-kôre maskoy pintá', kor-kôre nihe pinninnináh.<br/>Now in.those.days mankind one CONN-speech have AUX.TRN+DIST.PST+HP.LS, word-word resemble AUX.INTR+DIST.PST.PL
+# Iape nanni hóttari pinninnináh, coy siori pintá', Sinar rima pintá', itáp pinninnináh. <br/> So horde approach.setting.sun AUX.INTR+DIST.PST.PL, forest.clearing see AUX.TRN+DIST.PST+HP.LS, Sinar call AUX.TRN+DIST.PST+HP.LS, sit.down AUX.INTR+DIST.PST.PL
 == Table of Abbreviations ==

Nankôre: Difference between revisions

Nankôre (view source)

Revision as of 20:22, 23 March 2024