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Nankôre: Difference between revisions
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Oblique arguments on the other hand are treated as adjuncts, and are thus bound to their clause with the connective clitic ''si='' or ''=si''. Context alone determines the semantic role of the oblique. Because obliques are considered adjuncts, they may not come between the core arguments and the verb, and therefore must appear either before or after the clause nucleus. To illustrate, the sentence ''Maska=si ohipna koykare ekán itá'' (anthill=CONN twig boy twist PST), i.e. "The boy inserted the twig into the anthill", the noun ''maska'' (anthill) is the oblique argument and is marked with the clitic ''si='' to join it to the rest of the sentence. Oblique arguments use the form ''=si'' preceding the clause nucleus, or ''si='' following the clause nucleus, e.g. ''Ohipna koykare ekán itá si=maska''. | Oblique arguments on the other hand are treated as adjuncts, and are thus bound to their clause with the connective clitic ''si='' or ''=si''. Context alone determines the semantic role of the oblique. Because obliques are considered adjuncts, they may not come between the core arguments and the verb, and therefore must appear either before or after the clause nucleus. To illustrate, the sentence ''Maska=si ohipna koykare ekán itá'' (anthill=CONN twig boy twist PST), i.e. "The boy inserted the twig into the anthill", the noun ''maska'' (anthill) is the oblique argument and is marked with the clitic ''si='' to join it to the rest of the sentence. Oblique arguments use the form ''=si'' preceding the clause nucleus, or ''si='' following the clause nucleus, e.g. ''Ohipna koykare ekán itá si=maska''. | ||
===== Deictic Clitics ===== | ===== Nominal Deictic Clitics ===== | ||
Nankôre uses two set of clitics in place of demonstrative pronouns, one set to indicate spatial relations, and another set to indicate temporal location of a NP. | Nankôre uses two set of clitics in place of demonstrative pronouns, one set to indicate spatial relations, and another set to indicate temporal location of a NP. If a temporal deictic clitic is attached to a noun representing a living thing, the noun is considered deceased; if attached to non-living entities, it means that the entity is demolished(e.g. buildings) or otherwise destroyed. | ||
Verbs have their own set of deictic clitics. Unlike the nominal deictic clitics, the verbal deictic markers include clitics that refer to future time (see Verbs section). | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Type !! Spatial !! Temporal !! English Translation !! Example | |||
|- | |||
| Proximal || =shkoro || =hepi || this one near me; now || nan=ishkoro "this man here"; oriyat=hepi "today" | |||
|- | |||
| Medio-Proximal || =hori || =enmosh || that one by you; just awhile ago|| nan=hori "that man next to you"; | |||
|- | |||
| Distal || =nko || =kekori || yonder, that one near him/her/them; yesterday, a few days ago|| nan=inko "yonder man"; oriyat=kekori "yesterday", ono=kekori "a few days ago" | |||
|- | |||
| Invisible || =nanak || =sinkar || a long time ago|| nan=nanak "that man (e.g. on the other side of the mountain)"; oriyat=sinkar "a long time ago" | |||
|} | |||
==== Verbs ==== | ==== Verbs ==== | ||