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Nevotak: Difference between revisions
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==Basic grammar== | ==Basic grammar== | ||
The basic word order of the Nevotak language is SVO, however, OSV and | The basic word order of the Nevotak language is SVO, however, OSV and VOS are acceptable; Adjectives, Genitives, Demonstratives and Numerals are placed before the noun they modify; Adverbs modifying adjectives are normally placed before the adjective they modify, and adverbials modifying verbs are placed before or after the verb they modify, however, adverbs derivated from adjectives are normally placed before the verb they modify. Negation words are placed before the word they negate. | ||
The Nevotak language has no inflections, and it has only a few derivations. Besides, actual meanings of sentences frequently depend on the context they appear. | The Nevotak language has no inflections, and it has only a few derivations. Besides, actual meanings of sentences frequently depend on the context they appear. | ||
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*wa ke tar res - "you are taller than him." At here, ke means "tall" | *wa ke tar res - "you are taller than him." At here, ke means "tall" | ||
Superlatives can be formed by using the phrase | Superlatives can be formed by using the phrase hi-has("first"). For example: | ||
*wa | *wa hi has ke - "you are the tallest." | ||
===Adpositional Phrases=== | ===Adpositional Phrases=== | ||
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===Relative and Nominal Clauses=== | ===Relative and Nominal Clauses=== | ||
The Nevotak language has prenominal and postnominal relative clauses, postnominal relative clauses are normally started with the word "res" or "hat", or ended with the word "tak"; prenominal relative clauses are ended with the word "bi" or "re" or nothing at all, however, a prenominal relative clause without any ending word are frequently seen as a modifying component of a compound word. For example, all the phrases below can mean "the meat the king had eaten": | The Nevotak language has prenominal and postnominal relative clauses, postnominal relative clauses are normally started with the word "res" or "hat", or ended with the word "tak" or "zak"; prenominal relative clauses are ended with the word "bi" or "re" or nothing at all(nothing at all is more common), however, a prenominal relative clause without any ending word are frequently seen as a modifying component of a compound word. For example, all the phrases below can mean "the meat the king had eaten": | ||
*riba kezh bek tak | *riba kezh bek tak | ||
*riba res kezh bek | *riba res kezh bek | ||
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===Passive voice=== | ===Passive voice=== | ||
The verb "ez" ("to get") is used to form | The verb "ez" ("to get") is used to form passives without expressing the agent, or is used when the agent is inanimate, and one simply uses the OSV order to form passives when the agent is animate. For example: | ||
*ire ez bek - the fish is eaten (by someone). | * ire ez bek - the fish is eaten (by someone). | ||
*ire kezh bek - the fish is eaten by the king. | * ire kezh bek - the fish is eaten by the king. | ||
* hat tak res keb - the person was attacked by him/them | |||
* hat tak ez keb - the person was attacked/hit | |||
when the agent of a passive sentence is inanimate, the agent is marked with "bar"("to hold"). For example: | |||
* hat tak ez keb bar hi tom - the person was hit by a rock. | |||
===Word formation=== | ===Word formation=== | ||
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===The Tower of Babel=== | ===The Tower of Babel=== | ||
# hu toizat re hi nuzh-rira es hi nuz-ub-rira. | # hu toizat re hi nuzh-rira es hi nuz-ub-rira. | ||
# res muz bi kezhar | # en hat chin res muz bi kezhar, res en Shinar wai no hi koria es ya hatwai. | ||
# res muis nuz "tok, hatiz ur es wa teuz duzmeh hu enu res", es res nom duzmeh nai tom, nom duzhiru nai rairu. | # res muis nuz "tok, hatiz ur es wa teuz duzmeh hu enu res", es res nom duzmeh nai tom, nom duzhiru nai rairu. | ||
# res muis nuz "tok, hatiz ur teuz hi kinizh es hi hozreh, hat hozreh we tok toi, es hatiz ur kium to hi | # res muis nuz "tok, hatiz ur teuz hi kinizh es hi hozreh, hat hozreh we tok toi, es hatiz ur kium to hi men, baar ur muis haz ez fohiz en hu toizat. | ||
# Adim dik tok no hat itak dazro teuz | # Adim dik tok no hat itak dazro teuz hat kinizh es hat hozreh. | ||
# Adim nuz "hoz! hat itak hito, zab itak nom hi nuzh; es res hi muz hat rih, un nure has hum res muz res esu muz tak | # Adim nuz "hoz! hat itak hito, zab itak nom hi nuzh; es res hi muz hat rih, un nure has hum res muz res esu muz zak tak." | ||
# Tok! hatiz ur dik, es hatwai madoz res nuzh, en hat bak res nu ubnez muis nuzh. | # Tok! hatiz ur dik, es hatwai madoz res nuzh, en hat bak res nu ubnez muis nuzh. | ||
# Ta hat, Adim fohiz res bi hatwai en toizat zab zat, es res haz nu teuz hat kinizh | # Ta hat, Adim fohiz res bi hatwai en toizat zab zat, es res haz nu teuz hat kinizh | ||
# Ta hat bi, hat hozreh re | # Ta hat bi, hat hozreh re men ez bez Babel; Ta Adim hatwai madoz toizat itak re nuzh fohiz res bi hatwai en toizat zab zat. | ||
===Some Sayings=== | |||
There are sayings and idioms in Nevotak, some of them are listed below: | |||
* zhitzzarkiz hichi tom zarkiz. - Daily routine is the most difficult job.(meaning: Don't look down on anything, even the easiest one.) | |||
* zhitzzarkiz hichi hos rab noi ub. - Daily routine is the best way to train oneself.(used especially with a moral sense, but can be used in any sense. The literal meaning of "rab noi" is "to drill heart", it is used to mean "to improve one's morality" or "to train oneself") | |||
* zabtak nez anzho wez bi kezhar. - Everyone knows that the sun rises from the east(when someone says something trivial, other people will reply this to tell him/her to say something else.) | |||
* anzho nu wez bi kezhar hai? - doesn't the sun rise from the east?(the usage of this is basically the same to "zabtak nez anzho wez bi kezhar") | |||
* zabontak raz res fib zak. - everyone gets what he/she have planted(meaning: You reap what you sow) | |||
* atz hi nu hat daz teu mar reh enri hi zhitz - A new bud can't grow into a big tree within one day(meaning: Rome wasn't built in a day) | |||
* kema zin am hiartak zin. - a nobleperson's crime is equal to a beggar's crime.(meaning: All are equal before the law) | |||
* kok kok faiz tak - money attracts anyone/money motivates anyone(meaning: Money talks./Pecunia non olet. the word "kok" means "money", "benefit", "revenue", "interest(financial sense)" when used as a noun; it means "to interest", "to motivate", "be profitable for" when used as a verb) | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||